(582) Berkeley of Spetchley Park

Berkeley of Spetchley

This branch of the Berkeley family is descended from Thomas Berkeley (d. 1484), fourth son of James de Berkeley (c.1394-1463), 1st Baron Berkeley. Thomas himself settled at Dursley (Glos) and had at least four sons, of whom one of the younger, Richard Berkeley, was the ancestor of this family. He in turn had five sons, of whom the fourth, William Berkeley (d. 1552), settled at Hereford, where he was a merchant and served as Mayor, 1543-44 and MP for the City, 1547. His eldest son, William Berkeley (d. 1583), who is often confused with his father, had at least eight sons, of who only two produced issue. The younger was Rowland Berkeley (1548-1611), with whom the genealogy below begins. He moved from Hereford to Worcester, where he became a cloth merchant and clothier and came to occupy an important place in the administration of the city, serving as bailiff, 1585-88, first Master of the Clothiers' Company, 1590, and MP on four occasions between 1593 and 1604. He lived in a house in the Cornmarket, and he and his wife produced sixteen children between 1575 and 1594, all but one of whom survived to adulthood. From about 1600 he began investing his wealth in the purchase of manors and lands across Worcestershire, and at his death these were divided between his two eldest sons. William Berkeley (1583-1658) received the manors of Cowleigh in Mathon (Worcs) and Acton Beauchamp (Worcs), and went on to purchase Cotheridge Court. An account of him and his descendants is given in my post on the Berkeleys of Cotheridge. Rowland's second son, Sir Robert Berkeley (1584-1656) received the manor of Spetchley (Worcs), and enlarged his estate by the purchase of White Ladies Aston (Worcs) in 1612. He had been educated for a legal career and became first a serjeant-at-law and later a justice of King's Bench; he was knighted in 1627. For much of the 1630s he was occupied as an assize judge, but he was one of the justices who endorsed the legality of Ship Money in 1637 and the following year he was the judge in a test case brought by John Hampden which ruled that it was a prerogative levy and not a tax, and therefore did not require parliamentary sanction. In the run up to the Civil War, this was an inflammatory verdict in Parliamentary eyes, and he was arrested (in his own court!), imprisoned and stripped of all his public appointments by Parliament. In 1643 he was fined the colossal sum of £20,000, but prompt payment of half the fine was enough to secure his release and the waiver of the remaining penalty. 

Sir Robert's tribulations were not over, however, for during the siege of Worcester in 1646 his house at Spetchley was seized and used as the headquarters of the parliamentary army. Five years later, Scottish soldiers heading for the Battle of Worcester managed to burn it down, and Sir Robert was obliged to convert the surviving stable block into a temporary residence. His eldest son, Thomas Berkeley (1630-93), fought on the Royalist side in the 1651 Battle of Worcester. He escaped after the Parliamentarian victory and fled into exile on the Continent. He had already displeased his father by marrying a Roman Catholic, and while in Brussels he converted to Catholicism himself. This caused his father to disinherit him, but it seems likely that this was a pragmatic response to the potential impact of the penal laws rather than just a penalty for disobedience. An arrangement seems to have been agreed whereby Thomas would be excluded from the succession in favour of his eldest son, Robert Berkeley (1650-94), who would be raised in the Protestant faith, while Thomas' other son was brought up as a Catholic. At the same time, Sir Robert settled the estate on himself and after his death on trustees drawn from his Protestant friends, with the young Robert as tenant for life, so that in the event of his dying young, ownership would not pass directly into Catholic hands, and thus the worst consequences of the penal laws could be avoided. Many Catholic families took similar steps at this time. Thomas was given permission to live at Spetchley until his son came of age, but soon made a home at Ravenshill in Tibberton (Worcs), which became a centre for the Catholic faith.

Robert Berkeley (1650-94) was sent to Christ Church, Oxford and educated by the celebrated Dr John Fell, who was Dean there and also Bishop of Oxford (the Berkeleys and the Fells were connected by marriage). He selected as his wife a serious young woman, Elizabeth Blake (1661-1709), a friend of leading philosophers and divines, whose prayer book, A method of devotion, went through several editions in her lifetime. Unfortunately, Robert and Elizabeth had no children, and when he died at the beginning of 1694, just a few weeks after his father, the situation for which his grandfather had provided came to pass. Robert's successor as life tenant at Spetchley was his younger brother, Thomas Berkeley (1652-1719), and his descendants at Spetchley have remained Catholic ever since. Through his own marriage to Elizabeth Holyoake and the marriages he arranged for his children, Thomas allied himself with several of the leading Catholic families of the Midlands, including the Howards (later Stafford-Howards). Some mystery attaches to his eldest son, Robert Berkeley (b. 1682), however. Robert, who was 'half a year old' at the time of the heralds' visitation in 1683, was mentioned in his uncle's will written in 1692 but is not heard of again. His father's will in 1719 makes no reference to him, but still refers to his other sons as 'my second son' and 'my third son', as though Robert was still alive. No burial record for him has been traced, and it is uncertain whether he predeceased his father or was still alive in 1719 but had been disinherited.

The house at Spetchley at this time was still the partially moated converted stable block which Sir Robert Berkeley had made into a 'temporary residence' in the early 1650s. Illustrations of the house in the 18th century show that it was added to in a piecemeal fashion but not comprehensively rebuilt, and the impact of the penal laws on the status and wealth of the family are probably largely responsible for this. In 1719 the estate passed to Thomas' second son, John Berkeley (1683-1741), who was succeeded by his only surviving son, Thomas Berkeley (c.1720-42), who died only a few months later. The estate then reverted to John's younger brother, Thomas Berkeley (1685-1766), who may have been non-resident, as he is said to have died in France. His son, Robert Berkeley (c.1713-1804) is one of the more interesting figures in the story of the estate, as he was an active campaigner for Catholic emancipation. He also chose as his chaplain a series of men with literary aspirations, which he supported and encouraged. It was during his lifetime (and partly due to his own efforts) that the limitations on the Catholic gentry began to be relieved, and he was able to build a new wing at Spetchley containing a Catholic chapel. He married three times but had no children of his own, although after 1780 he adopted the orphaned son and daughters of his brother, John Berkeley (1720-78), and brought them up at Spetchley. The son, Robert Berkeley (1764-1845), became his heir, and also inherited Clytha Park (Mon.), which he sold on inheriting Spetchley. This, no doubt, was how he acquired the funds to rebuild Spetchley on a grand scale between 1811 and 1818, to the designs of the Catholic architect, John Tasker. For reasons which are unclear, however, he did not live in his new house for very long, before handing it over to his only surviving child, and retiring to Bath (Som.).

Robert Berkeley (1794-1874), who took over the reins at Spetchley, was an active and benevolent landlord, devoted to the improvement of his estates but not much interested in public life. He and his wife Henrietta, the daughter and co-heiress of an 'Indian nabob', had six sons and five daughters, only one of whom died in childhood, and several of them made marriages into notable Catholic families, such as the Feildings, Earls of Denbigh, and the Welds. His heir was his eldest son, Robert Berkeley (1823-97), who was educated at Oscott College in Birmingham and in Rome, and became a JP and Deputy Lieutenant for Worcestershire. He married Lady Catherine Browne, daughter of the 3rd Earl of Kenmare, and had six sons and six daughters. One of the sons became a Catholic priest and one of the daughters became a Sister of Charity undertaking humanitarian work in China, while most of the other sons pursued careers in the army or colonial administration. The heir to Spetchley was Robert Valentine Berkeley (1853-1940), who was not only a JP and DL, but served as Chairman of Quarter Sessions and as High Sheriff of Worcestershire in 1909-10. He did not marry until he was nearly forty, but he and his wife Rose created the fine gardens at Spetchley Park with the help of his sister-in-law, and he also carried out improvements to the house in 1907-10. 

When R.V. Berkeley died in 1940, during the Second World War, his only son and heir, Robert George Wilmot Berkeley (1898-1969), was serving as an officer in the Worcestershire Yeomanry, and Spetchley Park was reserved for possible use by the Government in the event of invasion. Since it was happily never needed for this role, it was later used as a rest home for American air force personnel. In 1942, R.G.W. Berkeley also inherited Berkeley Castle (Glos), the seat of the senior branch of the family, on the death of the 8th and last Earl of Berkeley. Both R.G.W. Berkeley and his son, Robert John Grantley Berkeley (1931-2017), used both houses, but Berkeley Castle, which was open to the public on a regular basis from the 1950s onwards, and was the centre of a more extensive estate, perhaps inevitably claimed more of their attention. On the death of John Berkeley in 2017, the estates were divided between his two sons, with the elder, Charles, taking over Berkeley Castle, and the younger, Henry, receiving Spetchley Park, which he has since restored and rejuvenated. The gardens at Spetchley are open to the public on a regular basis, but not the house or chapel, although the redecorated interiors were extensively illustrated in Country Life magazine in 2023.

Spetchley Park, Worcestershire

Little seems to be known about the Tudor or earlier house which Rowland Berkeley acquired in 1606 except that it stood on a moated or at least partially moated site, since according to Nash it was burnt down by Scottish Presbyterian soldiers shortly before the Battle of Worcester in 1651. Sir Robert Berkeley (1584-1656), an elderly Royalist, evidently did not feel able to rebuild the house, and instead hurriedly fitted up the former stable block as a temporary residence, where he 'lived with content and even dignity upon the wreck of his fortune'. His successors, being Roman Catholics and financially pressured by the penal laws, did no more than tinker with this building for more than a century. 

Spetchley Park: the house in 1784, with the gabled former stable block on the left and two 18th century additions on the right.
Image: Worcestershire Archives & Archaeology Service x899:192 BA2432, no. 42b

Eighteenth century views of the house show it as consisting of a low gabled range - presumably the original stable block - with a taller projecting wing at one end and a balancing but detached building at the other end. To this the 18th century added two sash windowed blocks at different dates, one of which may have been the new wing added by Robert Berkeley (c.1712-1804) which contained a grand dining room and a Catholic chapel, although if so the wing must have been built before the 1791 Catholic Relief Act, as both wings are shown on a drawing dated 1784. A plan of 1805 shows that a second, parallel range existed behind the sash windowed blocks, which was separated from them by a very narrow courtyard; this was perhaps a service range.

In 1804, Robert Berkeley was succeeded by his nephew, another Robert, who engaged George Byfield (c.1756-1813) to make further changes to the house. Byfield, who was noted chiefly as a designer of prisons, also designed several modest country houses in the Worcestershire area, and was presumably recommended to Berkeley by one of his other clients. He exhibited 'A design for the improvements now making at Spetchley Park' at the Royal Academy in 1807, but something happened to alter Robert Berkeley's intentions, and by 1811 work was beginning on a completely new Greek Revival house, designed by John Tasker (c.1738-1816), a Roman Catholic architect who worked almost exclusively for Catholic clients. By 1811, Tasker was approaching the end of his career (and indeed, work was not completed until about 1818, two years after his death), but it is clear that he was at the height of his powers when he designed Spetchley, as it is arguably his most impressive and successful building.

Spetchley Park: drawing, attributed to John Tasker, showing the proposed mansion, c.1811. Image: Historic England.

The new house is a fine, well-proportioned, two-storey building of honey-coloured Bath stone, facing west and south across the park. The entrance front, on the west, has a giant portico of four unfluted Ionic columns and a deep pedimented with a cartouche of the Berkeley arms. To either side of the portico this front has just a single bay, although to its left there is a recessed service wing. 

Spetchley Park: the house from the south-west, c.1912. Image: Victoria County History.

Spetchley Park: south front.

The eleven bay south front is almost equally severe, with a two-storey semicircular bow articulated by giant unfluted Ionic pilasters occupying the central three bays, which is separated by three plain bays on either side from the wider end bays. The end bays are given sufficient weight to balance the bowed centre by projecting slightly and being framed by simplified Tuscan pilasters, and by pedimented tripartite windows on the ground floor with a broad rectangular moulded panel above instead of a window.

Spetchley Park; the inner hall, looking towards the staircase, 1984.
Image: Nicholas Kingsley. Some rights reserved.

Spetchley Park: simplified ground plan
with original room names.
Image: Nicholas Kingsley. Some rights reserved.

The interior planning of the house is elegantly contrived. The portico leads into an entrance hall which opens through a screen of scagliola Ionic columns into a wide inner hall, at the end of which a further screen of matching columns separates it from a large rectangular staircase hall. The sequence of three spaces was designed to be capable of being used flexibly, with folding walls that could be cranked out to make solid divisions behind the screens, which have recently been restored to working order. The cantilevered stone staircase has a fine iron balustrade supporting the handrail, and rises to a corridor running east-west through the first floor, from which open the principal bedrooms, although the central room, behind the bow, was evidently used as a ladies' sitting room in the early 19th century. The main reception rooms are along the south front, and were originally intended to be (from east to west), the drawing room, library (behind the bow) and dining room; all have simple Grecian chimneypieces and restrained plasterwork. At the west end of the house, the hall was flanked by a morning room - later a billiard room and now a sitting room - and a study. The entire east end of the house was occupied by a tall new Roman Catholic chapel, with additional bedrooms above it and a public entrance on its north side.

The house was remarkably little altered in the 19th century, but after a century some modernisation and redecoration was overdue. Robert Valentine Berkeley (1853-1940), who inherited in 1897, undertook a programme of improvements involving new plumbing and lighting, and the addition of a nursery floor above the Regency service wing. The work was done under the supervision of Edward Prioleau Warren (1856-1937), and further minor changes were made in 1911, including the insertion of a Venetian window in the staircase hall, this time under the aegis of Frank E. Howard of Oxford, a young architect who is thought to have been recommended by Warren.

Spetchley Park: the Regency root house.

Sir Robert Berkeley had licence to create a deer park at Spetchley in 1625, and an area of some 160 acres was enclosed for this purpose. Little more is known about the setting of the house, however, until the early 19th century, when the grounds immediately around the new mansion were landscaped in a Reptonian manner, and a small lake was created south of the house, with a conservatory and a simple root house nearby. The root house, restored in the 1980s, is a rare survival.. Alongside the alterations to the house in the early 20th century, R.V. Berkeley and his wife Rose (d. 1922), who was a passionate horticulturalist, undertook the creation of a more formal garden, with the help of Rose's sister, Ellen Willmott. In the 1920s, the gardens were one of the first to be opened to the public under the National Gardens Scheme, and they have been carefully maintained by subsequent generations.

In 1942, Capt. R.G.W. Berkeley inherited Berkeley Castle (Glos) from his thirteenth cousin, the last Earl of Berkeley, and during the Second World War the house at Spetchley was used for a time as a rest home for US Air Force personnel. In 1969 the Berkeley and Spetchley estates were inherited by Mr John Berkeley (1931-2017), who divided his time between the two, living at Berkeley in the winter and at Spetchley in the summer. Although maintained, the house was not improved, and suffered from the subdivision of the top floor into flats for members of the family. It was therefore rather 'tired' when inherited by Mr Berkeley's younger son, Henry. In 2019 he held a major 'decluttering' sale at Sothebys, disposing of some 750 lots of the historic contents that did not have particular significance for the family, and applying the proceeds to a reordering and redecorating of the house under the direction of George Saumarez Smith of Adam Architecture and Emma Deterding of Kelling Designs. Although the scale of the dispersal sale raised some concerns, the outcome of the refurbishment has been an extremely attractive and liveable family home. The original dining room has become a family kitchen and living room; the library - which retains some of its bookcases and their contents - is now the principal drawing room; while the original drawing room has been repurposed as a formal dining room. The small room at the west end of the house originally intended as a morning room has become an informal sitting room, and has been hung with a most attractive Chinese wallpaper, copied from original panels discovered during the preparations for the sale which had never been hung but which were evidently intended for this room, as they fitted its proportions exactly. The use of bold colours - a bright yellow in the staircase hall; a deep green in the drawing room; and a rich red in the dining room - gives a contemporary feel to the interiors, but otherwise the furniture and paintings are traditional and indeed many are drawn from the historic contents of the house, so the main rooms do not have to absorb discordant modernist accents.

Descent: Philip Sheldon sold 1606 to Rowland Berkeley (1548-1611); to second son, Sir Robert Berkeley (1584-1656), kt.; to son, Thomas Berkeley (1630-93); to son, Robert Berkeley (1650-94); to brother, Thomas Berkeley (1652-1719); to son, John Berkeley (1683-1741); to son, Thomas Berkeley (c.1720-42); to uncle, Thomas Berkeley (1685-1766); to son, Robert Berkeley (c.1713-1804); to nephew, Robert Berkeley (1764-1845); to son, Robert Berkeley (1794-1874); to son, Robert Berkeley (1823-97); to son, Robert Valentine Berkeley (1853-1940); to son, Robert George Wilmot Berkeley (1898-1969); to son, Robert John Grantley Berkeley (1931-2017); to younger son, Henry John Mowbray Berkeley (b. 1969).

Berkeley family of Spetchley Park

Berkeley, Rowland (1548-1611). Eighth, but eldest surviving, son of William Berkeley of Hereford and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of William Burghill of Cowarne (Herefs), born 1548. Educated at Oxford. Merchant and clothier in Worcester. A member of 'the 48' (the governing elite of Worcester) from 1578 (Chamberlain, 1583-84; Bailiff, 1585-88); first Master of the Worcester Clothiers' Company, 1590. MP for Worcester, 1593, 1597, 1601, 1604. He married, 15 April 1574 at St Martin, Worcester, Catherine (d. 1629), daughter of Thomas Hayward of Gloucester, and had issue:

(1) Dorothy Berkeley (1575-1648), baptised at St Martin, Worcester, 25 January 1575/6; married 1st, 20 January 1594/5 at St Martin, Worcester, Thomas Wylde (c.1568-1610) of The Commandery, Worcester, and had issue three sons and two daughters; married 2nd, c.1611, Rev. Dr. Richard Thornton DD (d. 1615), canon of Christ Church, Oxford and of Worcester Cathedral; died 27 September and was buried at St Peter, Worcester, 28 September 1648; 

(2) Catherine Berkeley (b. 1576), baptised at St Martin, Worcester, 20 December 1576; married, 4 November 1595 at St Martin, Worcester, William Worfield (d. 1623) of Bransford (Worcs), yeoman, and had issue one son and three daughters; living in 1623 but death not traced;

(3) Elizabeth Berkeley (b. 1578), baptised at St Martin, Worcester, 19 May 1578; married, 17 January 1601/2 at St Martin, Worcester, Robert Crosby (b. 1578), of Worcester; living in 1610 but death not traced;

(4) Eleanor Berkeley (b. 1579), baptised at St Martin, Worcester, 28 July 1579; apparently disinherited by her father as the wording of his will suggests that one or more daughters was excluded from its provisions and she is the only one not named; married, 4 May 1598 at St Martin, Worcester, John Frogmer (d. 1636) of Claines (Worcs);

(5) Jane Berkeley (1581-1621), baptised at St Martin, Worcester, 25 April 1581; married, 10 December 1599 at St Swithin, Worcester, George Stinton (d. 1627?) of Worcester; buried at St Swithin, Worcester, 13 June 1621;

(6) Joan alias Johanne Berkeley (b. 1582), baptised at St Martin, Worcester, 14 April 1582; married 1st, before 1610, Rev. Henry Bright (1562-1627) of Brockbury (Herefs) and had issue one son and six daughters; married 2nd, c.1630, Edward Annesley (d. 1638) of Brookend (Oxon); living in 1638;

(7) William Berkeley (1583-1658) [for whom see my account of the Berkeleys of Cotheridge];

(8) Sir Robert Berkeley (1584-1656) (q.v.);

(9) Mary Berkeley (b. 1585), baptised at St Martin, Worcester, 4 July 1585; married, 28 February 1602/3, Edmund Wynne (1583-1645) of Thornton Curtis (Lincs); living in 1610;

(10) Anne Berkeley (1586-1638), baptised at St Martin, Worcester, 6 August 1586; married 1st, before 1610, Thomas Moore (d. 1633), alderman of Worcester (who founded Moore's Blue Coat School charity in 1626), and 2nd, Dr William Smith DD (1582-1658), canon of Worcester Cathedral and rector of Tredington (Worcs) and formerly Warden of Wadham College, Oxford and Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University, 1630-32; buried at Spetchley, 30 October 1638;

(11) Joyce Berkeley (b. 1588), baptised at St Martin, Worcester, 25 March 1588; married [forename unknown] Newton of London; living in 1610.

(12) Edward Berkeley (1589-1669), of Worcester, baptised at St Martin, Worcester, 7 December 1589; educated at Middle Temple (admitted 1612); merchant and member of the Levant Company; married, 17 November 1616 at All Hallows, London Wall, London, Elizabeth (1599-1679), daughter of Christopher Eland of London, and had issue one son and one daughter; buried at Spetchley, 21 January 1668/9;

(13) John Berkeley (1590-1672?), of East Barnet and later Radwell (both Herts), baptised at St Martin, Worcester, 21 December 1590; married, c.1620, Elizabeth, daughter of John Turner, and had issue one son and two daughters; said to have been buried at Goldington (Beds), 4 December 1672; 

(14) Henry Berkeley (b. & d. 1592), baptised at St Martin, Worcester, 4 March 1591/2; died in infancy;

(15) Henry Berkeley (1593-1682), baptised at St Martin, Worcester, 6 June 1593; educated at Balliol College, Oxford (matriculated 1613; BCL 1618); lived at Welton (Northants); JP for Northamptonshire?; married 1st, 31 July 1617 at Badby (Northants), Jacomis Haywood (d. 1624) and had issue three sons and one daughter; married 2nd, 18 November 1624 at Badby, Amy (d. 1673), daughter of Thomas Glover, and had issue five sons and five or six daughters; buried at Daventry (Northants), 8 January 1681/2;

(16) Thomas Berkeley (1594-1661), baptised at St Martin, Worcester, 26 May 1594; agent for his brother Robert at Spetchley and lived latterly at Colwall (Herefs); married 1st, 3 September 1613 at Cradley (Herefs), Margaret Noxe, and had issue two sons; married 2nd, 16 June 1621 at St Martin, Worcester, Mary Browning (d. 1630) and had issue two sons and three daughters; married 3rd, 15 June 1631 at St Swithun, Worcester, Catherine, daughter of Thomas Walshe of Stockton (Worcs) and widow of Edward Mitton, and had issue six sons and one daughter; buried at Colwall, 11 July 1661.

He lived in a house in the Cornmarket, Worcester, but from about 1600 bought estates in various parts of Worcestershire, including the Cowleigh and Acton Beauchamp estates which passed to his elder son and in 1606 the Spetchley estate which he bequeathed to his second son.

He died 1 June, and was buried at Spetchley, 2 June 1611, where he and his wife are commemorated by a magnificent alabaster tomb erected in 1614 and attributed to Samuel Baldwin of Stroud; his will was proved in the PCC, 26 June 1611. His widow was buried at Spetchley, 2 January 1629/30.

Berkeley, Sir Robert (1584-1656). Second son of Rowland Berkeley (1548-1611) and his wife Catherine, daughter of Thomas Hayward of Gloucester, baptised at St Martin, Worcester, 27 July 1584. Educated at Queen's College, Oxford (matriculated 1597) and Middle Temple (admitted 1601; called 1608; bencher 1625-27). Barrister-at-law. Sheriff of Worcester, 1613-14; JP for Worcestershire, 1613-43; Recorder of Worcester, 1619-24; a commissioner of sewers for the Worcestershire/ Gloucestershire border, 1627-42; MP for Worcester, 1621, 1624. Serjeant-at-law, 1627 and King's Serjeant, 1627-32; a Justice of King's Bench, 1632-43 and an Assize judge, 1633-35 (Norfolk circuit), 1635-38 (Northern circuit) and 1639-40 (Midlands circuit); he was also extensively employed as a commissioner for specific purposes, 1621-42. He was a signatory of the judges’ public endorsement of the legality of Ship Money in February 1637, and the following year ruled, on a test case brought by John Hampden, that it was a prerogative levy, not a tax. Parliament saw this judgement as an attack on the Common Law, and on 12 February 1641 he was arrested in his own court and placed in the custody of one of the sheriffs of London pending his impeachment. In an extraordinary turn of events, when the other justices all rallied to the king at the outbreak of the Civil War, he was brought out of prison to preside over the Court of King's Bench for a term. Judgment was finally pronounced against him on 12 September 1643, when he was fined £20,000, barred from public office and imprisoned during pleasure. Prompt payment of half his fine secured the waiver of the rest and release from gaol, a process which may have been assisted by the fact that his wife was cousin to John Pym. He disinherited his eldest son, who had become a Roman Catholic, and passed his estates to his eldest grandson, who was raised as a Protestant. He was knighted, 14 April 1627. He married, Elizabeth (c.1590-1659), daughter and co-heir of Thomas Conyers (d. 1614) of Sockburne (Yorks) and East Barnet (Herts), and had issue:

(1) Thomas Berkeley (1630-93) (q.v.);

(2) twin, Catherine Berkeley (1631-81), eldest daughter, baptised at East Barnet, 18 August 1631; married, 1652 (settlement 16 October), Robert Cressett (1631-1702) of Upton Cressett (Shrops.), and had issue two sons and one daughter; died 30 January 1680/1, and was buried at Cound (Shrops.), where she was commemorated by a monument;

(3) twin, Isabella Berkeley (1631-64), baptised at East Barnet, 18 August 1631; married, 20 July 1652 at Groombridge (Kent), Philip Packer (1618-86) of Groombridge Place (who m2, 20 December 1666, Sarah Isgar), and had issue three sons and four daughters; buried at St Margaret, Westminster (Middx), 19 March 1664;

(4) Anne Berkeley (fl. 1655); unmarried in 1655, when she was mentioned in her father's will; death not traced.

He inherited the Spetchley estate from his father in 1611 and enlarged it by the purchase of the manor of White Ladies Aston (Worcs) in 1612. He created a deer park south of the house in 1625 and built a funerary chapel onto Spetchley parish church in 1614. The house on the estate was occupied by Parliamentarian troops as their headquarters during the siege of Worcester in 1646, and burned down by Scottish troops in 1651. He then converted the surviving stable block into a temporary dwelling.

He died 5 August, and was buried at Spetchley 21 August 1656, where he is commemorated by a fine black and white marble monument; his will was proved in the PCC, 25 September 1656. His widow was buried at Spetchley, 12 April 1659.

Berkeley, Thomas (1630-93). Only recorded son of Sir Robert Berkeley (1584-1656), kt., and his wife Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of Thomas Conyers of East Barnet (Herts), baptised at East Barnet (Herts), 24 June 1630. He fought at the Battle of Worcester, and after the Royalists were defeated he escaped overseas and lived in exile in the Low Countries. His wife was a Catholic and while in Brussels, he converted to Catholicism. He was on this account disinherited by his father, though he was allowed to live at Spetchley until his young son Robert came of age and took up the inheritance. In 1656 he was the subject of a commission of lunacy to inquire into his state of mind and property, but this may have been a ruse to allow his property to be vested in trustees with a view to avoiding the penalties for recusancy. After his son came of age, Thomas moved to Ravenshill in Tibberton (Worcs) which he turned into a haven for Catholic priests and where he maintained a chapel. He married, about 1649, Anne (d. 1692)*, daughter of William Darell (d. 1638) of Scotney (Kent), and had issue:

(1) Robert Berkeley (1650-94) (q.v.);

(2) Thomas Berkeley (1652-1719) (q.v.);

(3) Elizabeth Berkeley (d. 1693); married, 11 April 1672 at Spetchley, Thomas Burton (1637-95) of Longner (Shrops), judge, and had issue three sons and seven daughters; died 1693;

(4) Anne Berkeley; died young.

He lived latterly at Ravenshill (Worcs)

He died 22 December, and was buried at Spetchley, 26 December 1693, where and his wife are commemorated by a standing architectural monument attributed to James Hardy, erected in 1693. His wife died 18 September 1692.

* Anne was brought up in the Catholic faith by her mother, and it was perhaps due to her influence that her younger son adopted Catholicism.

Berkeley, Robert (1650-94). Elder son of Thomas Berkeley (1630-93) and his wife Anne, daughter of William Darell of Scotney (Kent), born 15 July 1650. Although his father was a Roman Catholic, he seems to have been raised as a Protestant and was educated at Christ Church, Oxford (matriculated 1667), where he was a pupil of the Rt Rev. Dr John Fell (1625-86), Bishop of Oxford. During the reign of King James II he and his wife lived in exile in the Netherlands, and he returned as part of the court of King William III after the Glorious Revolution. He was a friend and correspondent of John Evelyn, and shared with him an interest in trees, and he is said to have been responsible for planting the first cedars in Worcestershire. By his will, he founded the Berkeley Hospital in Worcester. He married, 11 March 1678/9 at Westminster Abbey (Middx), Elizabeth (1661-1709), a philanthropist and religious thinker* who was author of a prayer book (A method of devotion, which went through several editions in her lifetime and was republished after her death with a memoir of her life), daughter of Sir Richard Blake, kt. of St John's. Clerkenwell (Middx), but had no issue.

He inherited the Spetchley estate from his grandfather in 1656, and came of age in 1671.

He died 14 January, and was buried at Spetchley, 19 January 1693/4, where he is commemorated by a large marble monument attributed to Grinling Gibbons; his will was proved in the PCC, 2 April 1694. His widow married 2nd, 1700, as his third wife, Rt. Rev. Gilbert Burnet (1643-1715), Bishop of Salisbury, and died 3 February, being buried at Spetchley with her first husband, 12 February 1708/9.

* She was a friend of John Locke, Bishop Stillingfleet and Catharine Trotter Cockburn.

Berkeley, Thomas (1652-1719). Second son of Thomas Berkeley (1630-93) and his wife Anne, daughter of William Darell of Scotney (Kent), born in 1652. A Roman Catholic in religion, like his parents. He married, 1681/2 (licence 18 February) Elizabeth (c.1663-92), daughter and sole heiress of John or William Holyoake of Morton Bagot (Warks), and had issue, possibly among others:

(1) Robert Berkeley (b. 1682); eldest son, 'half a year old' at the 1683 Visitation; mentioned in his uncle Robert's will in 1693 but not in his father's will;

(2) John Berkeley (1683-1741) (q.v.);

(3) Thomas Berkeley (1685-1766) (q.v.);

(4) Anne/Mary Berkeley (b. c.1686); married, 1705 (licence 17 February 1704/5), Henry Stafford (later Stafford-Howard) (c.1688-1743), son of the Hon. Francis Stafford-Howard (d. 1708) and grandson of Sir William Howard (1614-80), 1st Viscount Stafford, but had no surviving issue; death not traced;

(5) Elizabeth Berkeley (b. c.1689), born about 1689; married, 1709 (licence 3 October) at Belgrave (Leics), John Beaumont Byerley (1686-1742) of Belgrave Hall, son of Charles Byerley, and had issue at least two sons and two daughters; living in 1742 when she was granted administration of her husband's estate but death not traced.

He lived at Ravenshill, Tibberton (Worcs) until he inherited the Spetchley estate from his elder brother in 1694.

He was buried at Spetchley, 7 August 1719, where he is commemorated on a monument; his will was proved in the PCC, 23 December 1719. His wife was buried at Spetchley, 27 February 1691/2.

Berkeley, John (1683-1741). Second son of Thomas Berkeley (1652-1719) and his wife Elizabeth, daughter and sole heiress of William Holyoake of Morton Bagot (Warks), born 1683. A Roman Catholic in religion. He married Judith Hagon (d. 1752) of Norwich (Norfk), and had issue:

(1) Elizabeth Berkeley (fl. 1719); living in 1719 but probably died young;

(2) John Berkeley (d. 1719); died young and was buried at Spetchley, 24 May 1719;

(3) Thomas Berkeley (c.1720-42) (q.v.).

He inherited the Spetchley estate from his father in 1719.

He died 2 September and was buried at Bath Abbey (Som.), 4 September 1741, where he is commemorated by a floor slab. His widow was buried at St Giles in the Fields, Holborn (Middx), 1 February 1752; her will was proved in the PCC, 25 January 1752.

Berkeley, Thomas (c.1720-42). Son of John Berkeley (1683-1741) and his wife Judith Hagon of Norwich, born after 1719. A Roman Catholic in religion. He married, about 1740, Mary (1718-67), daughter of Edward Ferrers (1678-1729) of Baddesley Clinton (Warks), but had no issue.

He inherited the Spetchley estate from his father in 1741.

He died in 1742; his will was proved in the PCC, 26 March 1743. His widow married 2nd, 22 August 1745 at Brandsby (Yorks), Francis Cholmeley of Brandsby, and had issue at least one son and four daughters; she was buried at Brandsby, 22 April 1767.

Berkeley, Thomas (1685-1766). Third son of Thomas Berkeley (1652-1719) and his wife Elizabeth, daughter and sole heiress of John or William Holyoake of Morton Bagot (Warks), born 1685. A Roman Catholic in religion. He married, c.1712, Mary, daughter and heiress of Robert Davis of Clytha (Mon.), and had issue:

(1) Robert Berkeley (c.1713-1804) (q.v.);

(2) John Berkeley (1720-78) (q.v.).

He inherited the Spetchley estate from his nephew in 1742.

He is said to have died in France; his will, drafted 7 January 1765, was proved in the PCC, 22 May 1766. His wife apparently predeceased him but her date of death is unknown.

Berkeley, Robert (c.1713-1804). Elder son of Thomas Berkeley (1685-1766) and his wife Mary, daughter and heiress of Robert Davis of Clytha (Mon.), born about 1713. A Roman Catholic in religion, he supported a Catholic priest as his chaplain, and campaigned for Catholic emancipation. He published several pamphlets and is thought to have been the author of a petition to King George III by the Catholic nobility and gentry presented in 1778, which led to the passage of the Catholic Relief Act 1778. He also supported the literary efforts of his chaplains, including Thomas Phillips' Life of Cardinal Pole (1764). He married 1st, 1744 (settlement 18 May), Anne (d. 1746), daughter of John Wybarn (c.1687-1739) of Hawkwell (Kent), and sister and co-heiress of John Wybarn alias Wyborne of Flixton (Suffk), 2nd, c.1747-51, Catherine (d. 1777), daughter of Thomas Fitzherbert (d. 1765) of Norbury (Derbys) and Swinnerton (Staffs), and 3rd, 11 May 1778 at St Julian, Shrewsbury (Shrops.), Elizabeth (d. 1811), daughter of Peter Parry of Twysog (Denbighs.), but had no issue, though after the deaths of his brother John and his sister-in-law, he became the guardian of their children.

He inherited the Spetchley estate from his father in 1756, and extended the house with a new RC chapel and entertaining room. His first wife brought him an interest in manors in Essex, which he sold in 1788.

He died 20 December and was buried at Spetchley, 27 December 1804, where he is commemorated by a monument; his will was proved in the PCC, 18 April 1805. His first wife was buried at Spetchley, 21 April 1746. His second wife was buried at Spetchley, 24 December 1777. His widow lived latterly at Hartpury Court (Glos) and was buried at Spetchley, 11 June 1811; her will was proved in the PCC, 5 December 1811.

Berkeley, John (1720-78). Second son of Thomas Berkeley (1685-1766) and his wife Mary, daughter and heiress of Robert Davis of Clytha (Mon.), born in 1720. He married 1st, 2 May 1763 at St Paul, Covent Garden, Westminster (Middx), Catherine (d. 1766), daughter of Charles Bodenham (d. 1762) of Rotherwas (Herefs), and 2nd, 2 October 1773 at Spetchley, Jane (d. 1780), daughter and co-heiress of Sir William Compton (d. 1758), 3rd bt., of Hartpury Court (Glos), and had issue:

(1.1) Robert Berkeley (1764-1845) (q.v.);

(2.1) Catherine Berkeley (c.1774-1823), born about 1774; married, 15 April 1801 at Spetchley, Robert Canning (1773-1843) of Foxcote, Ilmington (Warks) (who m2, 18 July 1826, Maria (1804-68), daughter of Joseph Bonnor Cheston of Gloucester, and had issue two daughters), but had no issue; buried at Hartpury (Glos), 3 March 1823;

(2.2) Jane Berkeley (1777-1853), baptised at St George RC church, Worcester, 2 May 1777; she and her husband inherited Hindlip Hall from the Compton family and rebuilt it; she married, 14 May 1799, Thomas Anthony Southwell (1777-1860), 3rd Viscount Southwell, and had issue two sons and five daughters died 26 October, and was buried at Hindlip, 3 November 1853.

He lived at Hindlip Hall (Worcs) and also had a house in Foregate St., Worcester. He inherited Clytha Park (Mon.) from his father.

He died between May and July 1778; his will was proved in the PCC, 8 July 1778, and made provision for four children (William Seward, John King, Frances Jones and Mary Jones) who may have been his illegitimate offspring, although the wording of the will leaves their claim on him unexplained. His first wife died in 1766. His second wife died 20 April 1780.

Berkeley, Robert (1764-1845). Only son of John Berkeley and his first wife Catherine, daughter of Charles Bodenham of Rotherwas (Herefs), born 1764. A Roman Catholic in religion. One of the stewards of the Worcester Music Meeting, 1803. He married, 4 May 1792 at Lanfoist (Mon.), Appolonia (1772-1806), third daughter of Richard Lee of Lanfoist Place (Mon.), and had issue:

(1) Robert Berkeley (1794-1874) (q.v.);

(2) Mary Berkeley (d. 1808); died young and was buried at Spetchley, 31 March 1808;

(3) A daughter (d. 1824); died in Paris (France), 21 March 1824.

He inherited Clytha Park (Mon.) from his father but sold it to his father-in-law on inheriting the Spetchley estate from his uncle in 1804, and built a new mansion house to the designs of John Tasker in 1811-18. Soon after it was completed, he handed it over to his son and eventually moved to Bath (Som.).

He died in Bath (Som.), 14 June, and was buried at Spetchley, 21 June 1845, where he is commemorated by a memorial brass tablet by Hardman & Co; his will was proved in the PCC, 4 July 1845. His wife died 'after a tedious illness' at Clifton, Bristol, 3 September, and was buried at Spetchley, 9 September 1806.

Berkeley, Robert (1794-1874). Only son of Robert Berkeley (1764-1845) and his wife Appolonia, third daughter of Richard Lee of Lanfoist (Mon.), born 21 May 1794. JP and DL for Worcestershire; High Sheriff of Worcestershire, 1838-39. In 1832, at the first election after the Great Reform Act, he was active in the Whig interest in the electoral contest in the West Worcestershire constituency, and is said to have been offered a baronetcy afterwards (which he declined). He did not play a prominent part in the public life of the county thereafter, but was 'ardently attached to a country life' and after he moved to Spetchley, he was said to have 'never since left [it] except for very brief seasons', devoting himself to the management of his estate and to simple country pursuits such as shooting. He was an engaged and liberal landlord, who supported and encouraged his tenants in the improvement of their farms and undertook improvements of his own, including the building of a village school at Spetchley. He married, 24 January 1822 at St Marylebone (Middx), Henrietta Sophia (1795-1857), eldest daughter and co-heiress of the notorious Indian 'nabob', Paul Benfield MP (1741-1810) of London and Woodhall Park (Herts), and had issue:

(1) Robert Berkeley (1823-97) (q.v.);

(2) Mary Frances Berkeley (1825-41), born at Spetchley, 6 January 1825; died unmarried at Brussels (Belgium), 14 May 1841;

(3) Harriet Eliza Berkeley (1826-78), born 29 January 1826; died unmarried at The Hermitage, Stanbrook (Worcs), 16 November 1878; her will was proved 15 January 1879 (effects under £7,000);

(4) John Edward Berkeley (1827-47), born 6 March 1827; educated at Stonyhurst College; died at the school, 2 January, and was buried at Spetchley, 8 January 1847;

(5) Agnes Mary Caroline Berkeley (1828-60), born 17 August 1828; a Dominican nun; died 16 July 1860;

(6) Maj. Henry William Berkeley (1831-1916), born 24 February 1831; educated at Stonyhurst; an officer in the 3rd Dragoon Guards (Cornet, 1853; Lt., 1855; Capt., 1858; Maj., 1868; retired 1874); married, 18 April 1872 at St Gregory's RC church, Cheltenham (Glos), Matilda Catherine (1848-1916), daughter of George Ford Copeland of Bayshill, Cheltenham, and had issue four sons and one daughter; died 30 January 1916 and was buried at St Austin's RC church, Kenilworth (Warks); administration of goods (with will annexed) granted 13 April 1916 (estate £25,502);

(7) Emily Jane Berkeley (1832-1919), born 5 June 1832; married, 31 October 1855 at Spetchley, Simon Thomas Scrope (1822-96) of Danby Hall (Yorks), and had issue five sons and five daughters; died 20 January 1919; will proved 3 April 1919 (estate £1,643);

(8) Mary Berkeley (1833-1901), born 16 August 1833; married, 29 September 1857 at Spetchley, as his second wife, Rudolph Basil William Feilding (1823-92), 8th Earl of Denbigh, and had issue four sons and five daughters; died in Rome (Italy), 3 June 1901; will proved 24 August 1901 (estate £6,524);

(9) Frederick Charles Berkeley (1835-66), born at Spetchley, 11 February 1835; died of a heart attack in the grounds of Spetchley Park, 8 June, and was buried at Spetchley, 14 June 1866; administration of goods granted 16 July 1866 (effects under £9,000); he is commemorated by a memorial cross on the spot where he died;

(10) Charles Berkeley (1836-37), born about September 1836; died in infancy and was buried at Spetchley, 6 July 1837; 

(11) Francis Rowland Berkeley (1840-1925), born May 1840; blind from 1916; married, 26 June 1879, probably at the Brompton Oratory (Middx), Frances (1848-1925), daughter of John Weld of Leagram Park, Chipping (Lancs), and had issue two sons; died 27 September 1925; will proved 17 April 1926 (estate £7,374).

He lived at Blackmore Park before, and in the early years of, his marriage, until his father handed over Spetchley to him; he inherited the estate from his father in 1845.

He died 26 September 1874, and was buried at Spetchley, where he was commemorated by a Hardman & Co. memorial brass, like his father; his will was proved 21 November 1874 (effects under £60,000). His wife died 15 December and was buried at Spetchley, 21 December 1857.

Robert Berkeley (1823-97) 

Berkeley, Robert (1823-97). Eldest son of Robert Berkeley (1794-1874) and his wife Henrietta Sophia, eldest daughter and co-heiress of Paul Benfield MP of London, born at Blackmore Park (Worcs), 8 October and baptised at Hanley Castle (Worcs), 12 October 1823. Educated at Oscott College and in Rome. JP and DL for Worcestershire. A Roman Catholic in religion. He married, 24 March 1851, Lady (Mary) Catherine (1829-1924), daughter of Thomas Browne (1789-1871), 3rd Earl of Kenmare, and had issue:

(1) Augusta Mary Catherine Gabrielle Joseph Berkeley (1852-77), born 18 March 1852; married, 9 May 1876 at Spetchley*, as his first wife, Charles William Francis Noel (1850-1926), Viscount Campden (later 3rd Earl of Gainsborough), and had issue one daughter; died following childbirth, 5 November 1877, and was buried at Spetchley;

(2) Robert Valentine Berkeley (1853-1940) (q.v.);

(3) Mary Ida Berkeley (1854-83), born 8 September 1854; married, 9 May 1876 at Spetchley*, as his first wife, William Joseph Fitzherbert Brockholes CBE (1851-1924) of Claughton Hall (Lancs) and had issue two daughters; died 14 January 1883;

(4) Maurice Henry Berkeley (1856-1921), born 2 April 1856; an officer in the Worcestershire militia and yeomanry (2nd Lt., 1874; Lt., 1876; resigned 1880; Capt., 1884; hon. Maj.; retired 1905), who served in the Boer War; lived at Foxcote Manor, Ilmington (Warks); JP (from 1898) and DL (from 1900) for Worcestershire; died unmarried, 1 March 1921; will proved 5 May 1921 (estate £1,044);

(5) Maud Ellen Emily Henrietta Berkeley (1858-1944), born 14 March 1858; lived in Worcester with her sister Constance; died unmarried, 6 March 1944 and was buried at Spetchley; administration (with will annexed) granted to her sister Constance, 3 August 1944 (estate £10,425);

(6) Thomas Mowbray Martin Berkeley (1859-1916), born 11 November 1859; educated at Beaumont College, Windsor and RMA Sandhurst; an officer in the army (2nd Lt. 1879; Lt., 1881; Capt., 1887; Maj., 1896; Br. Lt-Col., 1900; retired 1903) who served in Egypt and the Boer War (wounded twice; mentioned in despatches); later Brigade Major in Territorials, 1905-11 and one of HM Hon. Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms, 1909; married, 12 June 1912 in the RC chapel at Foxcote, Helena Johanna Elizabeth (1861-1939), daughter of John Michael Koecher of Manchester, merchant, and widow of Capt. George Henry Jackson of the Indian army; he returned to the colours in the First World War and was killed in action in France, 20 May 1916; will proved 23 August 1916 (estate £1,840);

(7) Agnes Mary Philomena Berkeley (1861-1944), born Jul-Sept 1861; a Sister of Charity of St Vincent de Paul (as Sister Xavier) from 1882, who lived and worked in China from 1890 and developed a charitable mission called the House of Mercy on Zhoushan island from 1911, which remained in operation even after the Japanese invasion in the Second World War; she died 9 March 1944 and was buried at Zhoushan (China);

(8) Constance Mary Josephine Berkeley (1863-1946), born 15 February 1863; lived in Worcester with her sister Maud; died unmarried 8 February 1946 and was buried at Spetchley; will proved 4 July 1946 (estate £16,678);

(9) Hubert John Aloysius Berkeley (1864-1942), born 25 June 1864; after training on HMS Conway, he joined the Royal Navy (midshipman), but left the service and in 1886 joined the Malay States Civil Service, becoming District Officer in Upper Perak, 1904-14, 1918-26, a remote district which he 'administered in the fashion of a Malay chief and with little regard for higher authority'; according to his successor, he wove a legend about himself through the dissemination of anecdotes of his own eccentricity and defiance of the state government; he served in the First World War with the Worcestershire Regt. (Capt., 1915) and was appointed Companion of the Imperial Service Order, 1921; JP for Worcestershire, 1927 (Chairman of Droitwich Petty Sessions, 1940-42); a member of Worcestershire County Council; died unmarried at Clinkgate Farm, Droitwich (Worcs), 27 April 1942 and was buried at Sacred Heart & St Mary RC church, Droitwich; will proved 14 August 1942 (estate £22,609);

(10) Fr. Oswald Joseph Berkeley OSB (1866-1924), born 8 December 1866; educated at Downside and in Rome; joined the Benedictine community at Belmont (Herefs) and was ordained a Roman Catholic priest, 1895; priest of Whitehaven (Cumbld.) RC church, 1898-1924, except for First World War service as an army chaplain with the rank of Major, 1914-18, during which he was mentioned in despatches and awarded the MC, 1918; died 29 April 1924 and was buried at Whitehaven; 

(11) Etheldreda Mary Margaret Henrietta Berkeley (1868-1924), born 27 May 1868; educated at St Dominic's Convent, Stone (Staffs); married, 27 July 1893, Maj. Joseph Chichester (1858-1924), of Calverleigh Court (Devon), but had no issue; died 3 December 1924 and was buried at Calverleigh; will proved 4 June 1925 (estate £50,485);

(12) Wolstan Edward Francis Berkeley (1870-1943), born 2 November 1870; a director of the Cheltenham Brewery Co.; lived at Portishead (Som.) from 1926; married, 2 July 1913 at Courtfield (Mon.), Alice, daughter of Col. Francis Baynham Vaughan of Courtfield; died 24 October 1943; will proved 24 May 1944 (estate £9,866).

He rented Overbury Court (Worcs) and later Wootton Hall, Wootton Wawen (Warks) until he moved to Spetchley, which he inherited from his father in 1874. He later moved to a smaller house, St Cloud at Powick (Worcs), which he rented from Earl Beauchamp, and handed over Spetchley to his eldest son. His widow remained at St Cloud until it was destroyed by fire in 1902 and then moved to Foxcote Manor, Ilmington (Warks).

He died 9 September, and was buried at Spetchley, 13 December 1897; his will was proved 29 December 1897 (effects £241). His widow died 26 August 1924; her will was proved 28 October 1924 (estate £371).

* A double wedding, with her sister.

Berkeley, Robert Valentine (1853-1940). Eldest son of Robert Berkeley (1823-97) and his wife Lady Mary Catherine, daughter of Thomas Browne, 3rd Earl of Kenmare, born at Overbury Court (Worcs), 29 April 1853. Educated at Beaumont College, Windsor and Oscott. JP (from 1877; Chairman of Quarter Sessions) and DL (from 1891) for Worcestershire; High Sheriff of Worcestershire, 1909-10; a member of Worcestershire County Council, (Councillor, 1889-1914; Alderman, 1914-31). An officer in the Worcestershire militia (2nd Lt., 1876; Lt., 1878; Capt., 1881; Maj., 1893; retired 1893). Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London. He married, 20 August 1891 at Holy Cross & All Saints RC Church, Warley (Essex), Rose (1861-1922), younger daughter of Frederick Willmott of Warley Place, and had issue:

(1) Eleanor Mary Frederica Augusta Berkeley (1892-1930), born at St Andrews (Fife), 26 August 1892; married, 5 February 1930, John Brennan (1895?-1961) of Barraghcore, Goverbridge (Co. Kilkenny), but had no issue; died intestate, 30 May 1930; administration of goods granted 19 August 1930 (estate £8,876);

(2) Rosamund Mary Berkeley (1893-94), born 20 September 1893; died in infancy, 24 March 1894;

(3) Robert George Wilmot Berkeley (1898-1969) (q.v.);

(4) Margaret Elizabeth Berkeley (1902-98), born 10 January and baptised at Torquay (Devon), 16 January 1902; a nun of the Order of Our Lady of Sion in Paris (France) from 1926; died 7 March 1998.

He occupied Spetchley from about 1880 and inherited it from his father in 1897. He carried out improvement works in the house in 1907-10. His wife and her sister laid out a garden.

He died 14 August 1940 and was buried at Spetchley, where he is commemorated by a table tomb in the churchyard; will proved 27 January 1941 (estate £3,285). His wife died 21 August 1922.

Berkeley, Robert George Wilmot (1898-1969). Only son of Robert Valentine Berkeley (1853-1940) and his wife Rose, younger daughter of Frederick Willmott of Warley Place (Essex), born 23 April 1898. Educated at Downside, the Oratory School, and Magdalen College, Oxford. An officer in the Yeomanry (2nd Lt., 1917; Lt., 1919; Capt., 1945), who served in the First World War, 1917-19, and the Second World War, 1939-45. An underwriting member of Lloyds and a company director. Deputy Master of the Berkeley Hounds, 1923-28, Joint Master, 1928-69. DL for Worcestershire from 1952; High Sheriff of Worcestershire, 1933-34; a member of Worcestershire County Council, 1928-46; a member of the council of the Three Counties Agricultural Society from 1926. He married, 23 November 1927 at the Brompton Oratory, the Hon. Myrtle Emmeline Theresa (1907-82), daughter of Charles Joseph Thaddeus Dormer (1864-1922), 14th Baron Dormer, and had issue:

(1) Rosalind Magdalen Ellen Berkeley (1928-2015), born 14 September 1928; a nun of the Order of Our Lady of Sion, Eden Grove, Holloway, London N7; died 30 November 2015;

(2) Juliet Elizabeth Mary Berkeley (1930-2019), born 6 June 1930; lived at Spetchley Park; died unmarried, 30 August 2019;

(3) Robert John Grantley Berkeley (1931-2017) (q.v.).

He inherited the Spetchley estate from his father in 1940 and the Berkeley Castle estate (Glos) from his 13th cousin, the 8th Earl of Berkeley, in 1942.

He died 28 August 1969; his will was proved 29 May 1970 (estate £759,593). His widow died 31 May 1982; her will was proved 6 August 1982 (estate £10,233).

R.J.G. Berkeley (1931-2017) 

Berkeley, Robert John Grantley (1931-2017). Only son of Robert George Wlmot Berkeley (1898-1969) and his wife, the Hon. Myrtle Emmeline Theresa, daughter of Charles Joseph Thaddeus Dormer, 14th Baron Dormer, born 24 July 1931. Educated at the Oratory School and Magdalen College, Oxford (BA). An officer in the army (2nd Lt., 1950; Lt., 1952), and later in the Warwickshire & Worcestershire Yeomanry (Lt., 1954; Capt., 1956; Maj., 1963); DL for Gloucestershire, Worcestershire and Herefordshire; JP for Gloucestershire, 1960-97; High Sheriff of Worcestershire, 1967-68 and Gloucestershire, 1982-83. Joint Master of Berkeley Hounds, 1960-84. He married, 25 January 1967, Georgina Bridget (b. 1939), eldest daughter of Maj. Andrew Stirling-Home-Drummond-Moray of Easter Ross (Perths.), and had issue:

(1) (Robert) Charles Berkeley (b. 1968) (q.v.);

(2) Henry John Mowbray Berkeley (b. 1969) (q.v.).

He inherited Berkeley Castle and Spetchley Park from his father in 1969.

He died 2 November 2017. His widow is now living.

Berkeley, (Robert) Charles (b. 1968). Elder son of Robert John Grantley Berkeley (1931-2017) and his wife Georgina Bridget, eldest daughter of Maj. Andrew Stirling Home Drummond Moray, born 10 October and baptised at Berkeley, 31 October 1968. Educated at Ampleforth and Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester. Worked for some of the major London auction houses (Christies and Sothebys). High Sheriff of Gloucestershire, 2019-20. He married, 2009, Katherine Mary (k/a Daisy) (b. 1972), three-day-event rider and Olympic equestrienne, daughter of Dave Dick, jockey, and had issue:

(1) Mary Beatrice Rose Berkeley (b. 2011), born 12 January 2011.

He inherited Berkeley Castle from his father in 2017.

Now living. His wife is now living.

Berkeley, Henry John Mowbray (b. 1969). Younger son of Robert John Grantley Berkeley (1931-2017) and his wife Georgina Bridget, eldest daughter of Maj. Andrew Stirling Home Drummond Moray, born September 1969. Educated at Ampleforth and RMA Sandhurst. An officer in the army from 1992. Joint Master of Berkeley Foxhounds, 2000. He married, 15 July 2000, Katherine Mary Anne (k/a Kate) (b. 1975), nutritionist, daughter of Rupert John Oliver Arkell (1927-86), and had issue:

(1) Violet Mary Myrtle Berkeley (b. 2008), born 4 June 2008;

(2) Wilfred John Cranfield Berkeley (b. 2010), born 7 March 2010.

He inherited Spetchley Park from his father in 2017.

Now living. His wife is now living.

Principal sources

Burke's Landed Gentry, 1969, pp. 45-46; H.A. Tipping, 'Spetchley Park', Country Life, 8-15 July 1916; A. Brooks & Sir N. Pevsner, The buildings of England: Worcestershire, 2nd edn., 2007, pp. 598-99; R.J.G. Berkeley, 'The Compton family of Hartpury Court', Transactions of the Bristol & Gloucestershire Archaeological Society, vol. 131 (2013), pp. 13-24; J. Goodall, 'Spetchley Park', Country Life, 13-20 September 2023.

Location of archives

Berkeley of Spetchley: The family archives remain in the possession of the family and are cared for by the archivist at Berkeley Castle, to whom enquiries should be addressed.

Coat of arms

Berkeley of Spetchley: Gules, a chevron argent between ten crosses pattée six in chief and four in base of the second.

Can you help?

• Can anyone provide photographs or portraits of the people whose names appear in bold above, for whom no image is currently shown?
• If anyone can offer further information or corrections to any part of this article I should be most grateful. I am always particularly pleased to hear from current owners or the descendants of families associated with a property who can supply information from their own research or personal knowledge for inclusion.

Revision and acknowledgements

This post was first published 27 August 2024.

(578) Berington of Little Malvern Court

Berington of Little Malvern 

The Beringtons are a complex clan of Recusant minor gentry families in the Welsh borders, whose seats in Shrewsbury, and at Moat Hall, Pontesbury (Shropshire) and Winsley, Hope-under-Dinmore (Herefordshire) were not quite country houses within the definition used by my project, although Moat Hall had good panelled 17th century interiors until they were sold in the early years of the 20th century. However, Thomas Berington (1673-1755), a younger son of John Berington (b. 1648) of Winsley (with whom the genealogy below begins), married Elizabeth Russell, the elder of two sisters who were the co-heirs of their brother, Thomas Russell of Little Malvern Court, and who brought him that estate. Little Malvern Priory had been acquired by the Russells in the aftermath of the dissolution of the monasteries, initially on a lease granted to John Russell (d. 1540), secretary to the Council of the Marches of Wales, and later by grant of Queen Mary I to his son, Henry Russell (d. 1558). Although John Russell was close to Thomas Cromwell and Richard Rich, Henry Russell was evidently in favour with Queen Mary and it seems likely that he cleaved to the Catholic faith. It is rather ironic that a family which in its descendants was to prove so staunchly recusant, should end up in possession of a formerly monastic site, and have been responsible for the demolition of most of the monastic buildings!

Thomas Berington and Elizabeth Russell had only one child, a daughter called Elizabeth (1715-89), who married Thomas Williams (d. 1766?), a Catholic pharmacist with lead mining interests in Flintshire. They inherited Little Malvern Court although it seems unclear how much they occupied the house. Elizabeth is said to have been somewhat eccentric, and to have charged her house guests for their food and lodging, as though she was running an inn. The Williamses in turn had only one child, a daughter called Mary (c.1750-1828), who did not marry until after her mother's death, by which time she was probably past childbearing age. Her husband, William Wakeman (d. 1800), was an elderly Tewkesbury physician, and died after just four years of marriage. Mary was responsible for the conversion of the prior's hall into a chapel, and may have made other changes to the house. When she died in 1828 she bequeathed the Court and its estate to a fairly distant kinsman, William Berington (1794-1847), a descendant of the Beringtons of Winsley. He undertook a programme of improvements and repairs to the house before moving in with his Spanish wife and small family. When William died in 1847, he left a sole surviving son, Charles Michael Berington (1830-97), who also inherited Winsley (Herefs), Moat Hall (Shrops.) and Trellynia (Flints), bringing together most of the family's scattered properties. He married twice, and although his first wife died after only a few years of marriage, leaving no surviving issue, his second wife produced three sons and nine daughters (four of whom became nuns) between 1869 and 1885. All three sons pursued successful careers in the army, with the younger two retiring as majors, but some mystery attaches to the marriages of Maj. Charles Michael Berington (1876-1946), which I should be grateful if any reader can help me to resolve.

The eldest son, and the heir to his father's portfolio of properties, was Capt. William Berington (1873-1940). He sold Winsley before 1900, but retained the rest. He and his wife produced three sons and two daughters, and his property passed to his eldest son, William James Charles Berington (1904-57), who served during the Second World War as an intelligence officer with the Special Operations Executive. He never married, and sold Trellynia in 1941 and Moat Hall in 1943, as well as outlying portions of the Little Malvern estate in 1947, no doubt at least partly to meet the death duties payable at this time. He lived at Wintercott (formerly 'The Farm'), which became the dower house to the estate, and let the Court to a religious order (until 1954) and later as an hotel. He decided in 1955 to transfer the estate to his next brother, Thomas Patrick Berington (1905-83), who was then living in Mexico. He had pursued a career in business in America and married a wealthy heiress, Olguita Queeny (1899-1981), daughter of the founder of the Monsanto Chemical Co. This background enabled him and his wife to undertake a restoration of the house in the 1960s and to return it to residential occupation. They were succeeded by their only son, Thomas Monsanto Berington (1933-94), who with his wife laid out a modern garden around the house in the 1980s. The couple had only one son, Thomas Patrick Monsanto Berington (b. 1978), who at the time of his father's death was a minor. The estate therefore passed to his widow for life, and has remained in her possession to the present day, although at the time of writing the property was on the market, potentially bringing to an end nearly five centuries of Russell and Berington ownership.

Little Malvern Court, Worcestershire

The core of what is now a complex and much altered courtyard house is a surviving fragment of the claustral buildings of Little Malvern Priory, a Benedictine house founded c.1127 and dissolved in 1534, when there were just six monks besides the prior. Following the dissolution, the nave of the church was pulled down and the transepts and eastern chapels were abandoned, but the central tower and chancel were retained for parochial worship and remain in use today. The buildings around the southern and eastern sides of the cloister have also been very largely lost, but the west claustral range, was adapted into a house by John Russell. This part of the conventual building contained the prior's lodging (so often the part preserved in monastic conversions because it was the easiest to adapt to lay domestic purposes), including a large first-floor hall or refectory, probably of the early 14th century, above a basement. 

Little Malvern Court: east front. The stone-built part on the right contains the medieval prior's hall.

The complex development of the house makes it very confusing for the visitor to understand, and it is probably easiest to describe the four external elevations in turn. The east front stands on the site of the west claustral range of the priory, and the stone section contains the prior's hall. The three-storeyed semi-timbered building to its left dates to the late 16th or early 17th century. The first floor was originally approached by a flight of steps and formed a porch giving access to the screens passage at the service end of the prior's hall. 

Little Malvern Court: an early photograph of the house showing the Georgian south-west wing, pulled down and rebuilt in 1859-60.

Little Malvern Court: south front in c.1912. Image: Victoria County History/Historic England

Little Malvern Court: south and west fronts after alterations in the 1960s, from an old postcard.

Turning the corner, the south front is composed of three sections: first the semi-timbered wing of c.1600, which contained service accommodation, and which was formerly rendered, then a three-storey stone block, which may be medieval in origin, but the features of which are now c.1600 and later. The prominent round tower at the corner of this block was originally a garderobe tower but now contains a spiral staircase; the top with its conical cap dates from a rebuilding of 1856. There is another spiral staircase in the diagonally opposite corner of this block, connecting it with the prior's hall. To the left of the round tower, and forming the corner of the south and west fronts  is a neo-Tudor block built in 1859-60 by Joseph Hansom & Son. This replaced a mid 18th century block on much the same footprint, which is recorded in the earliest known photograph of the house. The Victorian wing which replaced it originally had gables on both fronts which gave it more presence and dignity, but they were sadly removed in the 1960s.

Little Malvern Court: the west and north fronts.

The west front has the Victorian block at its southern end, but continues with two timber-framed blocks whose close studding suggests a 15th or 16th century date. Given the history of the site, it seems likely that these were constructed as part of the conversion of the site to domestic use. The block at the north-west corner has gables facing north and west and a massive external chimney-breast of stone on the north front. A single-storey flat-roofed dining room and vestibule were built in front of the range in the late 19th century. The final elevation is the north side, which was refronted in brick in the early 19th century, but the walling may incorporate some stonework from the south wall of the former priory church.

Little Malvern Court: the 14th century prior's hall.

The prior's hall is now approached by an external staircase on the east front, and was used as a chapel (with an inserted barrel vault) from 1791 until the 1960s. (Prior to that, a room over the porch was used as a chapel during the penal years). A legacy of this use is a large wooden reredos at the south end of the room, made up from fragments of mainly continental woodwork by Hardman & Co. in the late 19th century. The magnificent four-bay open timber roof was exposed during restoration work in 1964-67 which was planned by the great timber-framing expert Freddie Charles but carried out by Ivan Bellamy. The screens passage which formerly existed at the south end has disappeared, but its position is indicated by a narrow extra roof bay divided from the rest of the room by a spere truss with quatrefoil and dagger decoration in the spandrels, which may be a little earlier than the roof. Improvements to the domestic accommodation seem to have begun in the early 18th century, when a new staircase was inserted, and the additions made to the house in the late 19th century provided the spaces required for contemporary country house living, including a dining room, drawing room and library.

A fine garden was laid out in 1983-88 by Michael Balston, in conjunction with Arabella Lennox-Boyd, consisting of small 'garden rooms' close to the house and a chain of descending lakes further south, presumably adapted from former monastic fish ponds. At the time of writing, the whole Little Malvern Court estate is on the market.

Descent: Crown leased 1538 to John Russell (d. 1540) and sold 1543 to Richard Andrews and Nicholas Temple, who sold 1552 to Henry Russell (d. 1558); to widow, Milbore Russell (d. 1575); to son, John Russell (d. 1588); to brother, Henry Russell (d. 1608); to son, John Russell (d. 1641); to son, Thomas Russell; to son, John Russell (d. 1700); to son, Thomas Russell (d. 1737); to sister, Elizabeth (1685-1743?), wife of Thomas Berington (1673-1755); to daughter Elizabeth (1715-89), wife of Thomas Williams (d. 1766?) of Trellynia (Flints.); to daughter Mary (c.1750-1828), wife of Walter Wakeman (d. 1800); to second cousin once removed, William Berington (1794-1847) of Hereford; to son, Charles Michael Berington (1830-97); to son, Capt. William Berington (1873-1940); to son, William James Charles Berington (1904-57); to brother, Thomas Patrick Berington (1905-83); to son, Thomas Monsanto Berington (1933-94); to widow, Alexandra Susan Caroline Berington (b. 1943).

Berington family of Little Malvern Court

Berington, John (b. 1648). Son of John Berington (1611-83) of Winsley (Herefs) and his wife Jane, daughter of Henry Cassy of Wightfield (Glos), born 1648. He married Margaret, daughter of Sir Thomas Wolrych (1598-1668) of Dudmaston (Shrops), and had issue:

(1) John Berington (d. c.1721);

(2) Thomas Berington (1673-1755) (q.v.);

(3) Fr. Simon Berington (1680-1755), born January 1679/80; educated at Douai College, where he was ordained a Roman Catholic priest; chaplain to St Thomas' Priory, Stafford (Staffs), c.1720-33; librarian of the clergy library in Grays Inn, London; author of some twenty literary and religious works, including The charms of Hampton Court [in Herefordshire]; died 16 April 1755;

(4) Elizabeth Berington (d. by 1755); married Richard Clough of Clough Hall, Myndtown (Shrops.), and had issue at least one son and three daughters;

(5) William Berington.

He inherited the Winsley estate from his father in 1683.

He was living in 1717 but his date of death is unknown. His wife's date of death is unknown.

Berington, Thomas (1673-1755). Second son of John Berington (b. 1648) and his wife Margaret, daughter of Sir Thomas Wolrych of Dudmaston (Shrops.), born 1673. He married, before 1715,  Elizabeth (1685-1743?), daughter of John Russell (d. 1700) of Little Malvern Court (Worcs), and had issue:

(1) Elizabeth Berington (1715-89) (q.v.).

His wife inherited Little Malvern Court after the death of her brother Thomas in 1737.

He died in London, and may be the 'Thomas Barrington' buried at St Pancras, Camden (Middx), 23 December 1755; his will was proved in the PCC, 29 December 1755. His wife is said to have died in 1744, but she may be the 'Elizabeth Barrington' buried at St George the Martyr, Bloomsbury (Middx), 16 May 1743.

Berington, Elizabeth (1715-89). Only child of Thomas Berington (1673-1755) and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of John Russell of Little Malvern Court (Worcs), born 1715. She married, 1748/9, Thomas Williams (d. 1766?) of Trellynia, Cilcain (Flints), a Catholic pharmacist with business interests in London and lead mining interests in Flintshire, and had issue:

(1) Mary Williams (c.1750-1828) (q.v.).

She and her husband inherited Little Malvern Court from her father in 1755.

She was buried at Little Malvern, 5 March 1789; her will was proved in the PCC, 12 June 1798. Her husband predeceased her and is said to have died in 1766, but may be the Thomas Williams buried at Cilcain, 23 April 1763.

Williams, Mary (c.1750-1828). Only child of Thomas Williams (d. 1766?) of Trellynia (Flints) and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Berington of Little Malvern Court (Worcs), born about 1750. She married, 19 September 1796 at Little Malvern, Walter Wakeman (d. 1800), physician and bibliophile, of Tewkesbury (Glos), but had no issue.

She and her husband inherited Little Malvern Court from her mother in 1789, and converted the lower half of the prior's hall into a chapel. At her death she bequeathed the estate to her second cousin once removed, William Berington (1794-1847) (q.v.).

She was buried at Little Malvern, 27 November 1828. Her husband died in 1800; his will was proved 19 June 1801.

---

Berington, Charles (1747-1809). Fourth son of John Berington (c.1707-94) of Winsley, and his wife Winifred (d. 1791), daughter of John Hornyold of Blackmore Park (Worcs), born 5 April 1747. He married, 1 December 1770 at Hope-under-Dinmore (Herefs), Mary (1750-1810), youngest daughter and co-heir of William Jay of Wintercott (Herefs), and had issue including:

(1) Winifred Berington (1773-c.1847); a Franciscan nun at Bruges (clothed 1791; professed 1793); mother superior of Taunton Lodge Convent School (Som.), 1830-47;

(2) Frances Berington (c.1783-1867), born about 1783; lived in Hereford; died 3 July 1867; will proved 6 July 1868 (effects under £2,000);

(3) (Mary) Theresa Berington (c.1789-1864), born about 1789; lived in Hereford with her elder sister; died 27 December 1864; will proved 30 December 1865 (effects under £2,000);

(4) Joanna Berington (b. c.1792); married, 8 January 1812 at Abergavenny (Mon.), Clement Powell Lorymer (1790-1827), a surveyor who drowned while exploring in Tasmania, and had issue at least two sons; probably died in Australia;

(5) Jane Berington (d. 1820); will proved at Hereford, 14 April 1820 (effects under £2,000);

(6) William Berington (1794-1847) (q.v.).

He inherited Wintercott (Herefs) in right of his wife.

He died 9 February and was buried at Rushen (Isle of Man), 10 February 1809. His widow died 5 January and was buried at Leominster (Herefs), 10 January 1810; her will was proved at Hereford, 14 July 1810 (effects under £600).

Berington, William (1794-1847). Only surviving son of Charles Berington (1747-1809) and his wife Mary, youngest daughter and co-heir of William Jay of Wintercott (Herefs), born 13 February 1794. He married, 18 May 1829 at St James, Bath (Som.), Mary Frances (c.1796-1866), only child of Don Josef Brun of Cadiz (Spain), and had issue:

(1) Charles Michael Berington (1830-97) (q.v.);

(2) Mary Josephine Berington (c.1831-47), died 'in her sixteenth year', 12 June 1847;

(3) William Joseph Berington (1832-37), born 1832; died at Bruges (Belgium), 24 November 1837.

He inherited Little Malvern Court and Trellynia (Flints) from his distant cousin, Mary Wakeman in 1828 and undertook a programme of repairs and modernisation before moving in to the former c.1832.

He died 16 April and was buried at Little Malvern, 27 April 1847, where he and his wife and daughter are commemorated by a memorial brass. His widow died 12 October 1866.

Berington, Charles Michael (1830-97). Only surviving son of William Berington (1794-1847) and his wife Mary Frances, only child of Don Josef Brun of Cadiz (Spain), born at Bath (Som.), 15 February 1830. An officer in the Worcestershire Yeomanry Cavalry (Capt.); JP and DL for Worcestershire; High Sheriff of Worcestershire, 1868-69. After the death of his first wife and all her children he is reported to have considered becoming a Carthusian monk, but instead he married again. He married 1st, 2 July 1858, Ellen Mary (1833-66), daughter of James Balfe of Runnymede (Co. Roscommon), and 2nd, 3 February 1869 at Holy Apostles RC church, Clifton (Glos), Mary Louisa Patricia (1847-1916), eldest daughter of Michael Agnew Coxon, and had issue eight children by his first wife, who all died in infancy, and 

(2.1) Frances Mary Berington (1869-1947), born 12 December 1869; lived latterly at Wintercott, Little Malvern; died unmarried, 22 August 1947; will proved 18 October 1947 (estate £1,051);

(2.2) Mary Josephine Berington (1871-1959), born 25 January 1871; a Carmelite nun at Lanherne Convent (Cornwall); died 7 April 1959;

(2.3) Ellen Mary Berington (1872-1948), born 27 February 1872; lived latterly at Wintercott, Little Malvern, with her elder sister; died unmarried, 18 April 1948;

(2.4) William Berington (1873-1940) (q.v.);

(2.5) Mary Gabriel Berington (1874-1951), born 2 September 1874; an Augustinian nun by 1901; prioress of St Augustine's Priory, Abbotskerswell (Devon) (as Mother Joseph Magdalene); died 16 March 1951;

(2.6) Maj. Charles Michael Berington (1876-1946), born 16 May 1876; an officer in the army (2nd Lt., 1900; Lt., 1900; Capt., 1903; retired 1908); in 1913 he and his wife emigrated to Bessemer, Ontario (Canada), but they returned to England in 1915, so he could rejoin his regiment (Capt., 1915; retired as Maj., 1920), and serve in the First World War; he then joined the auxiliary division of Royal Irish Constabulary, 1920-21 (wounded; discharged medically unfit); later in business as a wood merchant and timber feller at Malvern (partnership dissolved 1927); lived latterly at Stretton-on-the-Fosse (Som.); he married* 1st, c.1908, Ethel [surname uncertain but possibly Martyn**] (b. c.1877) and 2nd, 1915 (licence 5 January) at Toronto (Canada), Agnes Mary (1872-1951), daughter of Alexander Mackie of Worcester; died at Bath (Som.), 13 July 1946; buried at St Benedict's RC church, Stretton-on-the-Fosse, 16 July 1946;

(2.7) Winifred Mary Berington (1877-1955), born 13 June 1877; a Benedictine nun at St Mary's Priory, Princethorpe (Warks); died 13 March 1955;

(2.8) Milburga Mary Berington (1878-1936), born 12 October 1878; a Benedictine nun at Stanbrook Abbey (Worcs); died 26 October 1936;

(2.9) Agatha Mary Berington (1880-1959), born 11 February 1880; married, 24 November 1911 at Bath (Som.), her deceased younger sister's husband, Capt. Francis Mary Hodgson RN (1879-1965), second son of Lt. Thomas Tarleton Hodgson RN, and had issue two daughters; died 25 September 1959;

(2.10) Margaret Mary Berington (1881-1910), born 19 May 1881; married, 2 May 1907 at Buckfast Abbey (Devon), Capt. Francis Mary Hodgson RN (1879-1965), second son of Lt. Thomas Tarleton Hodgson RN, and had issue one daughter; died 8 February 1910;

(2.11) Maj. John Joseph Berington (1883-1955), born 10 March 1883; educated at Downside; an officer in the Royal Marines (2nd Lt., 1914; Lt., 1915; Capt., 1916; Maj., 1918); married, 26 May 1919 at St James' RC church, Spanish Place, Westminster (Middx), Florence Mary (1883-1941), third daughter of Edward Tierney Gilchrist Darell and widow of Archibald Fitzroy George Hay (1855-1916), 13th Earl of Kinnoull, and had issue one son; died 19 August 1955; will proved 15 October 1955 (estate £1,255);

(2.12) Angela Mary Berington (1885-1963), born 3 June 1885; died unmarried, 8 September 1963; will proved 29 November 1963 (estate £1,588).

He inherited Little Malvern Court and Trellynia from his father in 1847 and came of age in 1851. In 1859-60 he rebuilt the south-west corner of the house, apparently with funds provided by his first wife. He inherited Moat Hall, Pontesbury (Shrops.) and Winsley (Herefs) from his kinsman, John Berington (1822-92) in 1892.

He died 4 August 1897; his will was proved 14 October 1897 (effects £3,154). His first wife died at Boulogne (France), 18 August 1866. His widow died at Buckfast (Devon), 24 December 1916, and was buried at St Wulstan's RC church, Little Malvern, 5 January 1917; administration of her goods was granted 14 February 1917 (estate £1,856).

* His first marriage has not been found, but the 1911 census shows the couple living at Wintercott, and says they had been married 3 years. The licence for his second marriage describes him as a bachelor not a widower, which may imply that his first marriage was annulled. I can, however, find no record of either annulment or divorce in the sources available to me. It is also curious that according to the immigration records, he returned to England just a month after his second marriage with his first wife. Neither he nor either of his wives appears in the 1921 census for England (he was presumably in Ireland then) but he is living with his second wife in 1939, and only she attended his funeral.

** According to one internet source, she was a niece of Edward Martyn (1859-1923), who served as the first President of Sinn Fein in Ireland, 1905-08.

Berington, William (1873-1940). Eldest son of Charles Michael Berington (1830-97) and his second wife, Mary Louisa Patricia, eldest daughter of Michael Agnew Coxon, born 3 May 1873. An officer in the army (Capt.); JP for Worcestershire. Through the Malvern Festival, he became a friend of George Bernard Shaw, who was a frequent visitor to Little Malvern Court in the 1930s. He married, 30 April 1903 at the Convent of the Faithful Virgin, South Norwood (Surrey), Katherine Wilhelmina (1879-1966), eldest daughter of William Louis Purcell of South Norwood, and had issue:

(1) William James Charles Berington (1904-57) (q.v.);

(2) Thomas Patrick Berington (1905-83) (q.v.);

(3) John Louis Berington (1907-63), born 25 March 1907; educated at Downside; married, 29 March 1950 in Mexico, Gwendolyn (b. 1909), daughter of P.A. Alexander of Hendon (Middx) and formerly wife of Geoffrey Raoul de Havilland OBE (d. 1946), chief test pilot of the de Havilland Aircraft Corporation; died at St. Antonio, Texas (USA), 2 February 1963; administration of goods with will annexed granted 19 August 1964 (effects in England, £291);

(4) Ellen Mary Katherine Berington (1908-74), born 28 September 1908; married, 24 October 1934, Maj. John Allington Warburton Bate (1908-78), of The Old Rectory, Marchwiel (Flints), solicitor, only child of Joseph Henry Bate of Stansty (Flints), and had issue one son and two daughters; died 6 August 1974 and was buried at St Wulstan's RC graveyard, Little Malvern;

(5) Mary Consuelo Helena Josephine Berington (1914-86), born 2 June 1914; married, 11 September 1937 at Our Lady & St Alphonsus RC church, Blackmore End (Worcs), John Townshend (b. 1910; fl. 1960), corn merchant, son of Henry Townshend of Albion Mills, Worcester; died 2 July 1986; will proved 8 December 1986 (estate £365,243).

He inherited Little Malvern Court, Moat Hall, Winsley House and Trillynia from his father in 1897, but sold Winsley before 1900.

He died 14 April 1940; his will was proved 25 April and 16 October 1941 (estate £50,046). His widow died 9 March 1966; her will was proved 25 July 1966 (estate £31,141).

Berington, William James Charles (1904-57). Eldest son of William Berington (1873-1940) and his wife Katherine Wilhelmina, eldest daughter of William Louis Purcell of South Norwood (Surrey), born 17 May 1904. Educated at Downside and Magdalene College, Cambridge (MA 1930). He served in the Second World War as an intelligence officer with the Special Operations Executive. He was unmarried and without issue.

He inherited Little Malvern Court, Moat Hall and Trellynia from his father in 1940, but sold Trellynia in 1941, Moat Hall in 1943, and outlying portions of the Little Malvern estate in 1947. He lived at Wintercott, Little Malvern, and until 1954 let the Court to the Little Sisters of the Assumption, who used it as a rest and retreat house. It was subsequently let to Phillip Green as an hotel. In 1955, he transferred ownership of the estate to his younger brother, Thomas Patrick Berington.

He died 8 June 1957; his will was proved 11 July 1957 (estate £54,671).

T.P. Berington (1905-83) 

Berington, Thomas Patrick (1905-83). Second son of William Berington (1873-1940) and his wife Katherine Wilhelmina, eldest daughter of William Louis Purcell of South Norwood (Surrey), born 14 June 1905. Educated at Downside and Magdalene College, Cambridge (to which he left £25,000 in his will). Employed as a director of Monsanto Chemicals Ltd, the British arm of the American conglomerate, to 1963; Chairman of Mazapil Copper Co., Uganda, from 1953. He served in the Second World War as an intelligence officer with the Special Operations Executive. High Sheriff of Worcestershire, 1973-74. He married, 30 August 1928, Olguita (1899-1981), daughter of John Queeny of St. Louis, Missouri (USA), the founder of the Monsanto Chemical Company, and had issue:

(1) Thomas Monsanto Berington (1933-94) (q.v.).

He lived mainly in America and Mexico until he was given Little Malvern Court by his elder brother in 1955, but he maintained a house in Kensington for occasional residence in the 1930s. He terminated the lease of the Court as an hotel and restored it in 1964-67.

He died 12 January 1983; his will was proved 13 September 1983 (estate £1,151,701). His wife died 17 May 1981; her will was proved 26 August 1981 (estate £1,072,299), but by a trust deed of 1964 she had already established the Hawthorne Charitable Trust with a substantial capital endowment.

Berington, Thomas Monsanto (1933-94). Only child of Thomas Patrick Berington (1905-83) and his wife Olguita, daughter of John Queeny of St. Louis, Missouri (USA), born 25 February 1933. Educated at Eton and Magdalene College, Cambridge. High Sheriff of Hereford & Worcester, 1988-89. He married 1st, 24 January 1959 at Holy Trinity, Brompton (Middx)  (div. 1965), Patricia Mary (b. 1929), daughter of Lt-Col. Frank Charles Laxton (1894-1970) of Mapperley Park, Nottingham, and 2nd, 1977, Alexandra Susan Caroline (b. 1943), daughter of Lt-Col. Patrick Charles Britten (1917-2001) of Wichenford Court (Worcs), and had issue:

(2.1) Thomas Patrick Monsanto Berington (b. 1978), born October 1978; company director.

He inherited Little Malvern Court from his father in 1983. At his death it passed to his widow for life.

He died 4 May 1994; his will was proved 5 August 1994 (estate £4,861,877). His first wife's date of death is not known. His widow is now living.

Principal sources

Burke's Landed Gentry, 1969, pp. 43-45; VCH Worcs, vol. 3, 1913, pp. 449-53; W.J.C. Berington, Little Malvern Court, Worcestershire, 1948; A. Brooks & Sir N. Pevsner, The buildings of England: Worcestershire, 2nd edn., 2007, pp. 433-34; A.M. Hodgson & M. Hodgetts, Little Malvern Letters, 1482-1737, Catholic Record Society, 2011, pp. xl-xli; G. Williams, The country houses of Shropshire, 2021, pp. 446-47.

Location of archives

Berington of Little Malvern Court: deeds, manorial records, family, estate, legal and household papers, 1260-19th cent. [Worcestershire Archives & Archaeology Service, 705:24]

Coat of arms

Sable, three greyhounds courant argent, collared gules, within a bordure of the last, a crescent for difference.

Can you help?

• Can anyone resolve the apparently incompatible evidence of the records about the two wives of Maj. Charles Michael Berington (1876-1946)?
• Can anyone provide photographs or portraits of the people whose names appear in bold above, for whom no image is currently shown?
• If anyone can offer further information or corrections to any part of this article I should be most grateful. I am always particularly pleased to hear from current owners or the descendants of families associated with a property who can supply information from their own research or personal knowledge for inclusion.

Revision and acknowledgements

This post was first published 8 June 2024 and was updated 9 June 2024 and 30 May 2025.