(100) Allen of Lisconnan House

Allen of Lisconnan

Samuel Allen (c.1742-1820) was a successful linen merchant from Larne (Co. Antrim) who built a bleach mill and drying ground at Millbrook in 1776, which he operated until 1801.  His parentage is unclear, but he was apparently related to Mary Allen of Springmount, Clough (Co. Antrim), who married William Higginson in about 1746.  In 1788, Samuel bought the Lisconnan estate, and between then and 1808 he built the earliest part of the present house there.  His son, Dr. Samuel Allen (1778-1835), was educated as a gentleman and became a doctor of medicine; he also built up an important library at Lisconnan which remained in the house until 1920.  He seems to have been responsible for building the entrance front of the house, perhaps needing the extra space for his large family.  His eldest son, Samuel, predeceased his father, dying in Paris after making a Grand Tour which took him as far as Palestine, and another son was an early emigrant to Australia.  Lisconnan passed to Henry Ellis Allen (1808-74), and thence to his son, Samuel Allen (1842-1919), who enlarged the house again in 1886 and added the porch about 1900. Samuel was a barrister, and divided his time between his legal practice in Dublin and his estate; his son, Samuel Allen (1891-1942), was a bachelor and sold the house to James Young (d. 1955) in the early 1930s. Young's daughter subsequently married Samuel's younger brother, Lt. Col. Henry Adair Allen, who lived at Lisconnan and managed the estate on behalf of his father-in-law. When James Young died in 1955, the house was sold, bringing to an end the family's connection with the estate.

Lisconnan House, Dervock, Co. Antrim

The house, of cream-washed roughcast, is an irregular H-shaped block, with a seven bay two storey entrance front forming one side of the H, the oldest part containing the staircase forming the cross-range and the service wing forming the other main range.  The present building replaces a 17th century house. 

Lisconan House: a 19th century drawing of the house before the second storey was added to the right-hand part of the house.

The entrance front seems all to date from around 1820, but originally consisted of a four bay two-storey part with a lower three-bay wing; the single-storey part was raised to match the rest in 1886 and the central porch, with a very wide plain segmental fanlight, was added about 1900.  These additions were, however, so well done that the facade looks all of one date now.  Inside, there are a well-proportioned hall, drawing room, and dining room, and a charming room upstairs with a coved ceiling; the detailing is generally good, with reeded doorcases, shutters and dummy doors.  The Venetian window on the first floor over the porch is better detailed inside than out.

Lisconnan House: a mid 20th century watercolour by Sheila Allen. Image: S.J.A. Allen.

Descent: Francis Andrews (d. 1774); to mother (d. 1780) and then George Gamble (fl. 1784) who sold 1788 to Samuel Allen (c.1742-1820); to son, Dr. Samuel Allen (1778-1835); to son, Henry Ellis Allen (1808-74); to son, Samuel Allen (1842-1919); to son, Samuel Allen (1891-1942), who sold c.1932 to James Young (d. 1955), for whom the estate was managed by Lt. Col. Henry Adair Allen (1893-1977); sold after 1955.

Allen family of Lisconnan House

Allen, Samuel (c.1742-1820), of Lisconnan.  Parentage unknown; born 1742. He is said to have come to Larne as a young man from Ayrshire. He became a successful linen merchant, who built a bleach mill at Millbrook in 1776. He was High Sheriff of Co. Antrim in 1790, and is said to have fought against the United Irishmen at the Battle of Antrim in 1798. He married, 1774, Frances, daughter of James Higginson of Lisburn (Antrim) and had, among other issue:
(1) Dr. Samuel Allen MD (1778-1835) (q.v.).
He lived at Allensbrook, Larne (Antrim) and Bellisle, Dervock before purchasing the Lisconnan estate in 1788.
He died 4 May 1820.

Dr. Samuel Allen (1778-1835)

Allen, Dr. Samuel (1778-1835), of Lisconnan.  Son of Samuel Allen (1742-1820) of Lisconnan and his wife Frances, daughter of James Higginson of Lisburn (Antrim), born 1778.  Doctor of Medicine. He was a popular physician, and on one occasion is said to have sailed through a winter tempest, against all advice, from Ballycastle to Rathlin Island to cure and nurse back to health his friend Mr Gage, who was critically ill and expected to die; a silver salver presented to him by Gage in thanks remains in the possession of the family. He gave a site for the building of a Catholic church in Dervock.  He formed a notable library which was dispersed at a Sothebys sale in 1920, after the death of his descendant and namesake in 1919. He married, 14 November 1798, Millicent Mary, daughter of Ven. Conway Benning, Archdeacon of Dromore, and had issue:
(1) Anne Allen (1805-90); married Edmund Alexander Douglas (d. 1846), son of Rev. Charles Douglas, and had issue four sons and one daughter; died 23 February 1890; will proved at Belfast, 27 August 1890 (effects £370);
(2) Samuel Allen; educated at Trinity College, Dublin (admitted 1817); made a tour of Palestine in 1826; British consul in Paris, where he died;
(3) Henry Ellis Allen (1808-74) (q.v.);
(4) Conway James Allen (1812-49);
(5) George Allen (1816-98); of Geelong (Australia);
(6) Thomas Allen (1819-49);
(7) Ellen Allen; died unmarried;
(8) Amelia Allen; died unmarried;
(9) Jane Allen; died unmarried;
(10) Frances Allen (1823-97); married, 4 December 1849, Rev. Charles Edward Dighton, vicar of Maisemore (Glos) and had issue; died 28 March 1897.
He inherited Lisconnan House from his father in 1820.
He died 9 October 1835.

Allen, Henry Ellis (1808-74), of Lisconnan. Eldest son of Dr. Samuel Allen MD (1778-1835) of Lisconnan and his wife Millicent Mary, daughter of Ven. Conway Benning, Archdeacon of Dromore, born 25 February 1808.  Educated at Trinity College, Dublin (admitted 1825). Linen merchant with a mill as Liscolman. Contributed to the building of a Catholic church in Dervock. He married, 8 February 1840, Jane, daughter of John Rogan of Kilkenny, and had issue:
(1) Samuel Allen (1842-1919) (q.v.);
(2) Marcus Allen (1843-1909); surgeon in Royal Artillery;
(3) Henry Allen (1845-1900); civil engineer; went to Canada;
(4) Col. George Burgess Allen (1846-1913), Royal Artillery; died at San Remo (Italy), 26 February 1913; will proved 2 July 1913 (estate in UK £414).
He inherited Lisconnan House from his father in 1835.
He died 6 November 1874; his will was proved 4 March 1875 (estate under £7,000).

Allen, Samuel (1842-1919), of Lisconnan.  Eldest son of Henry Ellis Allen (1808-74) of Lisconnan and his wife Jane, daughter of John Rogan of Kilkenny, born 22 July 1842. Educated at Middle Temple (admitted 1863) and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge (admitted 1866; BA 1869; MA 1872; LLD 1885). Barrister-at-law in Dublin. He divided his time between his legal practice and farming at Lisconnan, and was JP and DL for Co. Antrim; High Sheriff of Co. Antrim, 1886. He married, 15 January 1890, Florence Mary (c.1860-1927), daughter of Gen. Sir Charles William Adair KCB RM (d. 1897), of Southsea [see Adair of Loughanmore], and had issue:
(1) twin, Samuel Allen (1891-1942) (q.v.);
(2) twin, Marjorie Allen (1891-1962), born 5 June 1891; died unmarried, 29 May 1962;
(2) Lt-Col. Henry Adair Allen (1893-1977) (q.v.);
(3) Cmdr. Conway Benning Allen (b. 1896), born 25 September 1896; educated at Royal Naval Colleges, Osborne and Dartmouth; served in Royal Navy, including WW1 and WW2 (retired 1945); DSO 1943; married, 4 November 1927, Marjorie, daughter of James Brough Warren of Rathfarnham (Dublin) and had issue a daughter.
He inherited Lisconnan House from his father in 1874 and extended it in 1886 and c.1900. 
He died 1 July 1919; his will was proved 25 October 1919.

Capt. Samuel Allen (1891-1942)

Allen, Samuel (1891-1942), of Lisconnan. Eldest son of Samuel Allen (1842-1919) of Lisconnan and his wife Florence Mary, daughter of Gen. Sir Charles William Adair KCB, born 5 June 1891. Educated at Aldenham. Captain in Royal Irish Fusiliers; served in WW1 (awarded MC and Croix de Guerre). When he sold Lisconnan, he used the proceeds of the sale to benefit the Church of Ireland Derrykeighan Parish Church in Dervock, to build the Allen and Adair Memorial Parish Hall in memory of the Allen family connection, and to construct a large Rectory and also sports facilities for the local community.
He inherited Lisconnan from his father in 1919 but sold it in the early 1930s to James Young of Fenaghy House, Cullymacky (Co. Antrim), whose daughter subsequently married his brother.
He died unmarried and without issue, 2 November 1942 and was buried at Derrykeighan, where he is commemorated by a monument.

Lt-Col. Henry Adair Allen
(1893-1977)

Allen, Lt-Col. Henry Adair (1893-1977), of Lisconnan.  Second son of Samuel Allen (1842-1919) of Lisconnan and his wife Florence Mary, daughter of Gen. Sir Charles William Adair KCB, born 18 July 1893. Educated at Bradfield and RMC Sandhurst. Served in Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, 1912-46 and was mentioned in despatches four times in WW1 and awarded the DSO. DL for Co. Antrim, 1946; High Sheriff of County Antrim, 1947.  He married, 9 February 1935, Sheila Gertrude (1901-86), only daughter of James Young of Fenaghy House, Cullybackey (Co. Antrim), and had issue:
(1) Samuel James Adair Allen (b. 1938), born 2 April 1938; educated at Shrewsbury School; served in Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, 1957-59; had a business career in India, Trinidad, Brazil and Ireland, culminating in 19 years as Secretary-General of British Chamber of Commerce for Brazil, 1975-94; married, 12 January 1965, Maria Rita Ribeiro of Indianopolis, Sao Paulo (Brazil) and had issue one son (Samuel (b. 1968)) and one daughter (Esther (b. 1965)).
He lived at Lisconnan House and managed the property on behalf of his father-in-law until 1955, when it was sold on the death of James Young. He lived subsequently in Ballycastle.
He died in September 1977. His widow died in March 1986.

Sources

Burke's Irish Family Records, 1976, p.16; H.B. Swanzy, The families of French of Belturbet and Nixon of Fermanagh, 1908, p. 198; C.E.B. Brett, The buildings of County Antrim, 1996, p. 165;

Location of archives

Allen family of Lisconnan: family history, c.1920; estate papers, 19th-20th cents [Public Record Office of Northern Ireland, T690, D396]

Coat of arms

Argent, two chevronels azure on a chief indented azure a bezant between two escallops or.

Revision and acknowledgements

This post was first published on 3 January 2014, and was updated 22 & 27 August 2015, 8 and 31 August 2018;and 11 and 17 March 2019 and 25 January 2021. I am grateful to Samuel James Adair Allen and Esther Allen for additional images and information, and to Julie Bythell-Douglas and Donnell O'Loan for corrections and additions to my original account.

(56) Agnew of Kilwaughter

When Sir Randall McDonnell, 1st Earl of Antrim, acquired a vast plantation estate of 333,000 acres in Co. Antrim by a grant from King James I & VI at the beginning of the 17th century, he pressed his friends and neighbours in south-west Scotland to take 100-year leases of parts of his fiefdom at advantageous rents.  To make the offer more attractive, he fixed the rents for the term of the hundred year lease.  One of those who responded to the offer was Patrick Agnew (later Sir Patrick Agnew, 1st bt.) of Lochnaw (see the next post), who took a lease of Larne and Kilwaughter on these terms in 1613.  Although the opportunity may at first have seemed highly desirable, the turbulent condition of Ireland in the 17th century meant that it was often difficult to collect the rents and for over four years (1648-52) the Agnews were ejected from the property altogether as a result of a confiscation order from Cromwell.  By 1622 they had installed a kinsman, Patrick Agnew (perhaps descended froma younger son of Patrick Agnew of Lochnaw (1529-91)), as locally resident collector of rents, and in that year he built the earliest part of Kilwaughter Castle. 

The Agnews of Lochnaw continued to take the rents of Kilwaughter until 1708, when they were invited to renew their lease on new and more commercial terms.  This they declined to do, and they sold their interest in the estate to their resident kinsman and rent-collector, Patrick Agnew (d. 1724), the great-grandson of the builder of 1622.  They seem to have later bought out the interest of the mesne lord, converting Kilwaughter into a freehold.  Patrick Agnew was succeeded in turn by his son of the same name and his grandson, William Agnew (fl. 1760).  His two sons both died unmarried and on his death Kilwaughter passed to his grandson, Edward Jones (d. 1834), who took the additional name of Agnew.  Edward was an MP in the Irish Parliament, 1792-97, and was responsible for employing John Nash to greatly extend and rebuilt Kilwaughter Castle in 1803-07.  Nash was no doubt selected as architect because he had just rebuilt Killymoon Castle in Tyrone for Agnew's Stewart cousins.  When Edward died leaving an heir, William, aged ten, his unmarried sister Margaret Jones (d. 1848) took on the management of the estate, earning a benevolent reputation during the difficult years of the famine.  William Agnew (d. 1891) was commonly known as Squire Agnew, and owned 9,770 acres in Co. Antrim in 1876. He was reputedly murdered and buried in Paris in 1891, although I have been unable to corroborate this story. At all events on his death his property passed to his niece, Augusta, Countess Balzani and her descendants, the last of whom died in 1975.  The Kilwaughter estate was finally sold by her executors in 1982.  The castle, which was requisitioned for military use during the Second World War, was abandoned afterwards and became derelict; it is now a roofless shell.

Kilwaughter Castle, Antrim

Although the house may have earlier origins, the earliest visible part of the present building is the surviving part of an early 17th century plantation house, built for Patrick Agnew around 1622.  It is very similar to the nearby Ballygally Castle, to whom the Agnews were closely related by marriage.  The 17th century house may have undergone 18th century remodelling of which no trace now remains, as there was certainly a formal garden layout in place before the current landscape was created at the beginning of the early 19th century, with a straight approach avenue aligned on the front door.

Kilwaughter Castle, showing the central three-bay block that represents the original house of 1622.
Image: Ulster Architectural Heritage Society.  Licenced under a Creative Commons licence.

In 1803-07, Edward Jones Agnew, a Belfast merchant, employed John Nash to build a larger house in his romantic castle style.  Although a great deal bigger than its predecessor, Nash's Kilwaughter was still quite modest in scale as early 19th century castles go.  In addition to the old tower and the staircase hall, the house had just three main rooms on the ground floor: the saloon in the round tower, a library adjoining it, and the dining room beyond that.  In form, the castle is very similar to others which Nash designed, particularly West Grinstead Park in Sussex, of 1809; the round tower also links the house back to his iconic Italianate villa at Cronkhill in Shropshire, built in 1802, just before work began at Kilwaughter. Not all the towers and turrets were necessarily part of Nash's design: in 1840 'the small turret in front' was said to be only fifteen years old.  This cannot be identified with certainty, but Millar & Nelson are said to have worked on the house as well as designing the lodge, so one of the turrets could be their addition.

Perhaps the most distinctive features of Nash's Kilwaughter were the bartisan turrets at the angles - perhaps intended to suggest the Scots origins of the Agnews - and the Gothic tracery of the windows, which was of wood and added in front of regular sash windows, no doubt making the main rooms unusually gloomy.  The house also has unusual carved stone windowsills, which were probably an addition to the design determined on site and perhaps without the sanction of Nash.

Nash's Kilwaughter Castle from the south-west in the early 20th century.

The south front of Kilwaughter Castle in the late 19th century.

The decision to employ Nash almost certainly followed from Agnew seeing Killymoon Castle, built for his Stewart cousins in 1801-02, which again has many similarities to Kilwaughter. Although the interiors of Kilwaughter have now all been lost, they are reasonably well recorded in a set of Victorian photographs held at the University of Delaware, some of which are reproduced below; they depict the castle when it was let to the Galt Smith family, who were here until after the First World War.

Entrance hall, Kilwaughter Castle.  Image: University of Delaware

Staircase hall, Kilwaughter Castle.  Image: University of Delaware.

Saloon in Nash's round tower, Kilwaughter Castle.  Image: University of Delaware.

The castle remained in good condition up to the Second World War, when it was requisitioned for military use.  By the end of the war the house was in a sad condition, and in 1951 the fittings were stripped out and it was left to become derelict.  It is now a roofless shell, although perhaps not too far gone for restoration by someone with deep enough pockets.

The house is surrounded by a new parkland landscape designed about the same time as the house, and possibly the work of the landscape gardener John Sutherland.  The extensive shelter belts have been depleted and many parkland trees have been lost, but the bones of the layout are still identifiable. There is an ice house near the lake, which was created as a result of massive damming, but which is now in danger of silting up.  The main entrance gates were designed by Nash, c.1807, but the adjoining lodge, a picturesque cottage with bargeboards and latticed windows, is of c.1835 and possibly by Millar and Nelson. 

Descent: Sir Patrick Agnew, 1st bt. (c.1587-1661); to son, Sir Andrew Agnew, 2nd bt. (d. 1671); to son, Sir Andrew Agnew, 3rd bt. (d. 1702); to som, Sir James Agnew, 4th bt. (d. 1735), who sold 1708 to his kinsman Patrick Agnew (d. 1724); to son Patrick Agnew; to son, William Agnew (fl. 1760); to grandson, Edward Jones (later Agnew) (d. 1834); to son, William Agnew (1824-91); to niece, Augusta Simon, wife of Count Ugo Balzani; to daughter Gwendolen Balzani (d. 1957), wife of M. Valensin; to daughter, Georgia Valensin (d. 1969); to aunt, Nora Balzani (d. 1975); sold 1982 to Frank Ferguson.  The house was let to James Agnew in the 1830s and to the Galt-Smith family (who were also descended from Valentine Jones) in the late 19th century.

The Agnews of Kilwaughter

An account of the Agnews of Lochnaw will be given in the next post.

Agnew, Patrick (fl. 1622) of Kilwaughter.  He was a kinsman of Sir Patrick Agnew of Lochnaw, but their precise relationship has not been established.  He may have been a son of Patrick Agnew of Sheuchan, second son of Patrick Agnew (1529-91) of Lochnaw, in which case they would have been first cousins.  He married Janet Shaw and had issue including:
(1) Capt. Andrew Agnew (1586-c.1659) (q.v.).
He was settled after 1613 as rent-collector on the Kilwaughter estate in co. Antrim owned by his cousin, Patrick Agnew of Lochnaw, and built the plantation house there in about 1622.
His date of death is unknown.

Agnew, Capt. Andrew (1586-c.1659) of Kilwaughter.  Son of Patrick Agnew (fl. 1622) and his wife Janet Shaw, born 1586.  He married Eleanor Shaw of Ballygally (Antrim) and had issue:
(1) Patrick Agnew (d. 1686) (q.v.);
(2) Capt. Francis Agnew (d. 1681).
He succeeded his father as sub-tenant and rent collector on the Kilwaughter estate (confiscated 1648-52).
He died after 1654 and before the end of 1659.

Agnew, Patrick (d. 1686) of Kilwaughter.  Son of Capt. Andrew Agnew (1586-c.1659) and his wife Eleanor Shaw of Ballygally.  He married and had issue including:
(1) Patrick Agnew (d. 1724) (q.v.).
He succeeded his father as sub-tenant and rent collector on the Kilwaughter estate.
He died in 1686, and his will was proved in the consistory court of the diocese of Connor.

Agnew, Patrick (d. 1724) of Kilwaughter.  Son of Patrick Agnew (d. 1686).  He was among the Protestant Irish landowners attainted by King James II in 1689.  He married and had issue:
(1) Patrick Agnew (fl. c.1740) (q.v.);
(2) Margaret Agnew, m. James Crawford;
(3) Jean Agnew, m. Robert Blair of Blairmount;
(4) Helen Agnew, m. 1709 James Stewart (1665-1726) of Killymoon Castle.
He succeeded his father as sub-tenant and rent collector on the Kilwaughter estate, but in 1708 purchased the lease from his kinsman, Sir James Agnew of Lochnaw.
He died in 1724.  His will was proved 1 July 1725.

Agnew, Patrick (fl. c.1740) of Kilwaughter.  Son of Patrick Agnew (d. 1724).  An elder of Larne Presbyterian Church and delegate to the General Synod of Ulster, 1726.  He married Martha or Margaret Houston and had issue:
(1) William Agnew (fl. c.1760) (q.v.);
(2) Frances Agnew, married and had issue;
(3) John Agnew, married and had issue;
(4) James Agnew;
(5) Patrick Agnew;
(6) Henry Agnew, m. Grace Harries and had issue;
(7) Hugh Agnew.
He inherited the Kilwaughter estate from his father in 1724.
His date of death is unknown, but probably took place before 1750.

Agnew, William (fl. c.1750-75) of Kilwaughter.  Son of Patrick Agnew (fl. c.1740) and his wife Martha or Margaret Houston.  A strong supporter of the Presbyterian church, who wrote into his tenants' leases a requirement for them to contribute to the support of the Presbyterian minister at Larne.  High Sheriff of Co. Antrim, 1774.  He married Margaret Stewart (b. 1712) of Killymoon Castle (Tyrone), and had issue:
(1) James Agnew, died young;
(2) William Agnew, died young;
(3) Maria Agnew (q.v.);
(4) Jane Agnew, m. Henry Shaw of Ballygally.
He inherited the Kilwaughter estate from his father in the mid 18th century.
His date of death is unknown.

Jones (née Agnew, then Ross), Maria (fl. later 18th cent.).  Elder daughter of William Agnew (fl. c.1760) and his wife Margaret Stewart of Killymoon Castle, born about 1735.  She married first, James Ross, banker and West India merchant (d. c.1763) and second, October 1763, his business partner, Valentine Jones (1711-1804), and had issue:
(1.1) A child, died young;
(1.2) A child, died young;
(2.1) Margaret Jones (c.1763-1848), lived with her brother at Kilwaughter Castle and managed the estate after his death; died unmarried, 1848;
(2.2) Edward Jones (later Agnew) (1767-1834) (q.v.).
Her date of death is unknown.

Agnew (né Jones), Edward (1767-1834), of Kilwaughter.  Only son of Valentine Jones and his wife Maria, daughter of William Agnew and widow of James Ross, born 1767. Educated at Harrow, Trinity College Dublin (admitted 1785; BA 1788) and Trinity College, Cambridge (admitted 1788).  MP for County Antrim in the Irish Parliament, 1792-97.  High Sheriff of Co. Antrim, 1803.  He married and had issue:
(1) James Agnew (d. 1826); died 7 August 1826;
(2) William Agnew (1824-91) (q.v.);
(3) Maria Agnew (d. 1857), m. Thomas Collins Simon and had issue a daughter, Maria Augusta Simon (q.v.); died 8 May 1857.
He inherited the Kilwaughter estate from his grandfather in the late 18th century, and rebuilt the house to the designs of John Nash, 1803-07.
He died in March 1834.  Will proved in Dublin.

Agnew, William (1824-91) of Kilwaughter.  Second but eldest surviving son of Edward Jones Agnew (1767-1834) and his wife, born 1824, and widely known as "Squire Agnew". Member of the Royal Dublin Society, 1848-72.  JP for County Antrim, but in 1877 was said 'to reside almost constantly in Paris'.  He died unmarried.
He inherited the Kilwaughter estate from his father in 1834 at the age of ten and it was managed by his aunt until her death in 1848.
He died in Paris sometime before March 1891 (he was reputedly murdered).

Balzani (né Simon), (Maria) Augusta (1847-95).  Daughter of T.C. Simon and his wife Maria, daughter of Edward Jones Agnew (1767-1834), born 3 November 1847.  She married 1878 Count Ugo Balzani (1847-1916), son of Andrea Balzani, and had issue:
(1) Gwendolen Balzani (later Valensin) (d. 1957) (q.v.);
(2) Nora Balzani (1883-1975), born 21 September 1883; died 17 November 1975; buried in the Protestant Cemetery in Rome.
She inherited the Kilwaughter estate from her brother in 1891.
She died 3 July 1895, and was buried in the Protestant Cemetery in Rome.

Valensin (né Balzani), Gwendolen (d. 1957).  Daughter of Count Ugo Balzani and his wife (Maria) Augusta, daughter of T.C. Simon, born about 1880.  She married Guido Valensin and had issue:
(1) Giorgia Valensin (d. 1969), possibly the lady of this name who translated a collection of ancient Chinese poems into Italian (1943); died unmarried and intestate, 28 November 1969.
She inherited the Kilwaughter estate from her mother in 1895, but lived mainly in Italy and is said to have visited it only occasionally.  After her death it passed to her unmarried daughter and then to her sister, Nora.
She died 15 January 1957.

Sources

Sir Andrew Agnew, The hereditary sheriffs of Galloway, 1893, pp. 46-60; Sir J. Summerson, The life and work of John Nash, 1980, p.45; M. Mansbridge, John Nash, 1991, pp. 138-39; C.E.B. Brett, Buildings of County Antrim, 1996, pp. 94-95; G. Tyack (ed.), John Nash: architect of the Picturesque, 2013, pp. 45, 159.

Location of archives

Agnew family of Kilwaughter: deeds, leases and wills, 1703-1879 (PRONI 1/902/2-62); conveyances and leases c.1800-40 (PRONI T528/2/31); estate maps, 1788 (PRONI T2309/1); estate papers c.1647-c.1800 (PRONI D282/2-160); estate correspondence c.1800-1900 (PRONI D668); estate papers c.1920-40 (PRONI D971).

(25) Adair of Loughanmore

Adair of Loughanmore
coat of arms

Captain James Adair (d. 1686) of Donegore, who is believed to have been descended from the Adairs of Kinhilt married in 1640 Annabella, daughter and heiress of Alexander Blair of Loughanmore, and brought the estate to the Adair family.  His son, Benjamin (1655-1730) and grandson, Thomas Benjamin (1705-65) both married members of the Crymble family of Ballygillock (aka Ballygallagh), and in 1797 that estate also came to them on the expiry of the Crymble line.  Charles Adair (d. 1810) rebuilt Loughanmore House in 1785 or after 1798, and his grandson, Henry Adair (b. 1810), who fought the last duel in Ireland in 1840, again remodelled it c.1880, probably to the designs of John Boyd of Belfast.  On Henry’s death it passed to his surviving sisters in turn and on the death in 1909 of Eleanor Margaret, wife of Rev. James Hunt of Thaseragh, to a distant kinsman, General Sir William Thompson Adair (b. 1850), who was a great-great-grandson of Thomas Benjamin Adair (1705-65).  He was obliged by the terms of the settlement under which he received the property to live at Loughanmore for at least six months of every year, but secured a court judgement to release him from this condition in 1909.  The papers relating to the case show that he was already finding it difficult to maintain the property, and he sold it in 1920 to C.L. MacKean, after which it was remodelled and simplified in 1936 and 1961 before final demolition in 1988.  The demesne is still identifiable, with two surviving gate lodges, one by Wimperis, Simpson and Guthrie, 1929.

Loughanmore alias Loughermore House, Dunadry (Antrim)

A two storey five bay house with a basement, built either in 1785 or after 1798 for Charles Adair (d. 1810), which was enlarged and castellated, probably to the designs of John Boyd of Belfast c.1880 for Henry Adair (b. 1810).  The entrance was dominated by a remarkable five-storey porch-tower with a spire, rising high above the rest of the house.  A lower tower, also with a spire, stood at the other end of the house.  The Victorian additions included a chapel, and the stables and outbuildings were also remodelled by Boyd.  Gen. Sir William Adair sold the house to C.L. MacKean in 1920 and it was subsequently remodelled to the designs of Guy Elwes who demolished the front tower and built a new dining room in 1936.  Further changes were made in 1961 when the top storey and battlements were removed by Arthur Jury of Belfast.  The front part of the house was finally demolished in 1988, but the rear part remains and the demesne is still identifiable, with two gate lodges, one built in the Arts & Crafts style by Wimperis, Simpson and Guthrie in 1929 and the other 19th century.  For an image of the house in 1900, see here.

Loughanmore: the surviving part of the house.

Descent: Alexander Blair (fl. mid 17th cent); to daughter, Annabella, wife of James Adair (d. 1686); to son, Benjamin Adair (1655-1730); to son, Thomas Benjamin Adair (1705-65); to son Charles Adair (d. 1810); to son, Thomas Benjamin Adair (1776-1855); to son Charles Adair (1807-60); to brother, Henry Adair (1810-88); to sister, Amelia Sophia Adair (d. 1896); to sister, Eleanor Margaret (d. 1909), wife of Rev. James Hunt of Thaseragh; to distant kinsman, General Sir William Thompson Adair (1850-1931), who sold in 1920 to Charles Louis MacKean (1877-1943); to son, William Muir MacKean (1917-44); to brother, Maj. George Burrell MacKean (1920-83); demolished after his death.

The Adairs of Loughanmore alias Loughermore

Capt. James Adair (d. 1686) of Donegore (Antrim).  A ship's captain from Belfast; in 1655 he entered into an agreement to support the minister of Donegore church.  He married first, 1640, Annabella, daughter and eventual heiress of Alexander Blair of Loughanmore and second, a daughter of Mr Chalmers, and had issue:
(1.1) Alexander Adair;
(1.2) William Adair;
(1.3) Thomas Adair; 
(1.4) Benjamin Adair (1655-1730) (q.v.).
At his death he owned the contiguous townlands of Tobergill, Drumagorgan, Rathmore and Rathbeg, which comprised over 1,650 acres, which were in the hands of his three eldest sons; there is no record of what happened to them or their lands.  
He died in 1686, leaving a will dated 9 March 1685.

Benjamin Adair (1655-1730) of Loughanmore.  Youngest son of Capt. James Adair and his first wife, Annabella, daughter of Alexander Blair of Loughanmore, born 1 January 1655; he married 1687 Anne (d. 1713?), daughter of Waterhouse Crymble esq. of Ballygallagh alias Ballygillock (Antrim) and had, among other issue who died in infancy:
(1) Elizabeth Adair (b. 1690), m. 1710, John Agnew of Derra
(2) Arthur Adair (d. 1707) of Parkgate, m. Mary (surname unknown) and had issue;
(3) Henry Adair, for many years a member of Carrickfergus corporation;
(4) Charles Adair, a member of the Donegore Yeomanry & Infantry;
(5) Thomas Benjamin Adair (1705-68) (q.v.)
He inherited around 140 acres at Loughanmore either from his father or his grandfather, Alexander Blair.
He died in 1730.

Thomas Benjamin Adair (1705-68) of Loughanmore.  Younger son of Benjamin Adair (1655-1730) and his wife Anne, daughter of Waterhouse Crymble of Ballygallagh; born 1705.  He married 1736 Mary, eldest daughter of Charles Crymble esq. of Ballygallagh alias Ballygillock (Antrim) and had issue:
(1) Charles Adair (1737-1810) (q.v.);
(2) Lt-Col. Benjamin Adair, Royal Marines, m. Susannah, daughter of Admiral Prouse and had issue seven children;
(3) Lt. William Robert Adair RN (d. 1806)
(4) Anne Adair;
(5) Elizabeth Adair.
He inherited the Loughanmore estate from his father in 1730.
He died in 1768.

Charles Adair (1737-1810) of Loughanmore.  Eldest son of Thomas Benjamin Adair (1705-68) and his wife Mary, daughter of Charles Crymble of Ballygallagh; born 1737. He married 1776 Millicent (1740-1826), daughter of Henry Ellis esq. of Prospect, Carrickfergus, and had issue:
(1) Thomas Benjamin Adair (1776-1855) (q.v.)
He inherited the Loughanmore estate from his father in 1768 and rebuilt the house there either c.1785 or after his inherited the Ballygallagh estate from his mother's family in 1797.
He handed over the Loughanmore estate to his son in 1799.
He died in 1810.

Thomas Benjamin Adair (1776-1855) of Loughanmore.  Only son of Charles Adair (d. 1810) and his wife Millicent, daughter of Henry Ellis of Prospect, Carrickfergus; born 1776.  He was a JP for Co. Antrim and High Sheriff of the county in 1801.  He married 1806 Amelia, second daughter of Lt-Col. Benjamin Adair of the Royal Marines, and had issue:
(1) Charles Adair (1807-60);
(2) Henry Adair (b. 1810, fl. 1871) (q.v.);
(3) Capt. Benjamin Clements Adair (d. 1874); served in Royal Antrim Artillery Militia
(4) Rev. Thomas Benjamin Adair (d. 1885);
(5) Lt. William Robert Adair (d. 1863?), m. Roseanna Thompson of Muckamore Abbey and had issue eight children;
(6) Millicent Adair;
(7) Amelia Sophia Adair (d. 1896) of Loughanmore, died unmarried and without issue;
(8) Susannah Adair;
(9) Eleanor Margaret Adair (d. 1909) of Loughanmore, m. Rev. James Hunt of Thasacragh; died without issue.
He was given the Loughanmore estate by his father in 1799.
He died in 1855.

Charles Adair (1807-60) of Loughanmore.  Eldest son of Thomas Benjamin Adair (1776-1855) and his wife Amelia, daughter of Lt-Col. Benjamin Adair; born 1807.  He died unmarried and without issue.
He inherited the Loughanmore estate from his father in 1855.
He died in 1860, when the estate passed to his next brother, Henry Adair (b. 1810).

Henry Adair (1810-88) of Loughanmore.  Second son of Thomas Benjamin Adair (1776-1855) and his wife Amelia, daughter of Lt-Col. Benjamin Adair; born 1810.  He is reputed in the family to have fought the last duel in Ireland in 1840 (but no independent confirmation of this engagement has been found and the name of the other party is not known), and was High Sheriff of Co. Antrim in 1871.  He died unmarried and without issue.
He inherited the Loughanmore estate from his father in 1855 and remodelled the house.  He also restored Donegore church, long a ruin.
He died 6 April 1888 aged 80, when his property passed first to his elder surviving sister, Amelia Sophia Adair (d. 1896) for life and then to his youngest sister, Mrs. Hunt, for life and then to his distant kinsman, General Sir William Thompson Adair (1850-1931).  His will was proved 28 May 1888 (effects £4,010).

Major-General Sir William Thompson Adair KCB (1850-1931) of Loughanmore.  Son of Maj-Gen. Sir Charles William Adair KCB (d. 1897) and his wife Isabella (d. 1900), daughter of General Thompson Aslett, and a great-grandson of of Lt-Col. Benjamin Adair, the son of Thomas Benjamin Adair (1705-68); born in Hampshire, July-September 1850.  Educated at Cheltenham College; served in Royal Marines, seeing service in Boer War in 1900; Col. Commanding Royal Marines Light Infantry 1905-07; Deputy Adjutant-General, 1907-11; Major-General 1906; knighted, 1909; JP and DL for Co. Antrim and served as High Sheriff of the county, 1916.  He married first, 1880, Rose (d. 1903), daughter of John Edward Naylor esq. and second, 1905, Angela Eliza, daughter of Frederick Plowes esq., but died without issue.
He inherited the Loughanmore estate from his kinswoman Mrs Hunt in 1909, but sold it in 1920 and lived thereafter in London.
He died 29 December 1931, aged 81.  His will was proved 23 February 1932 (effects £13,456 in England and £1,008 in Northern Ireland)

Sources

M. Bence-Jones, A guide to Irish country houses, 2nd edn, 1988, p. 191; PRONI, Introduction to Adair of Loughanmore papers (D3860), 2007.

Where are their papers?

Adair family of Loughanmore: family and estate papers, 1606-1928 (Public Record Office of Northern Ireland, D3860).

(23) Adair of Ballymena Castle and Flixton Hall, baronets

Adair of Kinhilt coat of arms

Sir William Adair (d. c.1500) was granted the Kinhilt (also known as Kilhilt) estate on the Galloway peninsula in Wigtownshire, and his son Alexander, who was killed at the Battle of Flodden in 1513, built the Castle of St. John at Stranraer in about 1510, as an administrative centre for the estate.  Kinhilt itself was near Lochans, just south of Stranraer; the last remains of it were removed in 1933.

Castle of St. John, Stranraer. © Oliver Dixon.
Licensed under a Creative Commons licence.

Alexander’s grandson, William Adair (d. 1593) also rebuilt the stronghold of Dunskey Castle, set on a clifftop promontory jutting into the Irish sea near Portpatrick.  William Adair (d. 1626), son of Ninian Adair (d. c.1608), got heavily into debt, and in 1620 agreed an exchange with Hugh Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery, one of the undertakers of the Plantation of Ulster, whereby some of the Adair lands at Kinhilt, including Dunskey Castle, were exchanged for newly-settled lands at Ballymena in Co. Antrim.  

Dunskey Castle: engraving by Francis Grose 1790

His son, Sir Robert Adair (d. 1655) built Ballymena Castle as a centre for the Irish estates, and thereafter the family was increasingly based in northern Ireland, although the remainder of the Kinhilt estate was retained until 1736, when it was sold to the 2nd Earl of Stair by Col. Sir Robert Adair (1659-1745), who raised a regiment of foot for King William III and was knighted at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690.  In 1740 the original Ballymena Castle was burned down, and it is not clear whether it was restored sufficiently to be used as a familyl residence in the late 18th century, when the owners seem increasingly to have been absentees, living in Dublin or in England.

In 1753, William Adair (1700-83), a great-great-grandson of Ninian Adair of Kinhilt (d. c.1608), who had made a fortune as an Army agent, purchased the Flixton Hall estate in Suffolk from the heirs of the last of the Tasburgh family (q.v.).  At his death he bequeathed Flixton to his nephew Alexander Adair (1743-1834), who followed him into business as an army agent, in preference to his natural son or his daughter Jane, the wife of Edward Brice.  Alexander died without issue, and bequeathed Flixton his distant kinsman, (Hugh) William Adair of Ballymena (1754-1844), who had married the daughter and heir of Robert Shafto of Benwell Tower in Northumberland.  Hugh had purchased Heatherton Park (Somerset) in 1807 and Colehayes Park (aka Colehouse) (Devon) – which he rebuilt – in 1825, and sold Benwell Tower after his wife’s death in 1827.  Heatherton and Colehouse were bequeathed to his younger son, Alexander (see Adair of Heatherton Park), while the Flixton and Ballymena estates were settled on the elder, Sir Robert Shafto Adair, 1st baronet.  In 1846, the Jacobean house of the Tasburghs at Flixton was severely damaged by fire, and Sir Robert employed Anthony Salvin to carry out a reconstruction.  The house at Ballymena was let at this period, being occupied in 1837 by P. Cannon esq.  Sir Robert also bought Wingfield Castle in Suffolk, then little more than a farm, which remained in the family until the 1980s but was let and restored in the 1940s.

Adair of Ballymena coat of arms
Later used quarterly with arms of
Shafto of Benwell.

Sir Robert’s son and heir, Robert Alexander Shafto Adair (later 2nd bt. and 1st and only Baron Waveney) was established on the Ballymena estate in his father’s lifetime.  From 1865 onwards, he employed the famous Belfast architects, Lanyon & Lynn, to rebuild Ballymena Castle in the Scots baronial style, and it became his main residence.  Flixton was the home of his younger brother, Hugh Edward Adair (1815-1902), who inherited the baronetcy but not the peerage at his brother’s death.  He remodelled and extended Flixton Hall in 1888-92 to the design of F.B. Wade.  His son, Sir Frederick Edward Shafto Adair (1860-1915), 4th bt., sold most of the Ballymena estate to the tenants in 1904, and lived principally at Adair Lodge, Aldeburgh (Suffolk), an 18th century house enlarged in 1823 and remodelled for Adair in the late 19th century.  His brother, Sir Shafto Adair (1862-1949), 5th bt., who was a London barrister with literary and musical interests, lived principally at Flixton, but the house there deteriorated during the Second World War, and when his son Maj-Gen. Sir Allan Adair (1897-1988) inherited, he sold the contents and the house in 1950, and it was pulled down shortly afterwards.  

Ballymena Castle was little used in the 20th century.  The house was still standing in 1953 but was subject to vandalism and arson and was sold and demolished in 1957.  Sir Allan served as Lieutenant of HM Bodyguard of the Yeomen of the Guard from 1951-67 and lived at Anmer Hall on the Sandringham estate and after his retirement at Harleston and Raveningham (Norfolk).  His only son having been killed in action in 1943, the line of the Adairs of Flixton and Ballymena ended with him; the chieftainship of the Adair Clan passed to his second cousin, Dr. Allan Adair (1907-2008), whose achievement of a centenary highlights the notable longevity of many members of the family from the 17th century onwards.

Ballymena Castle, Antrim

Ballymena Castle from an old postcard.

In 1626 William Adair acquired newly-settled lands at Ballymena in exchange for part of his patrimony in Wigtownshire, and his son, Sir Robert, built the castle as a centre for the new estate.  The original building burned down in 1740 and was at best patched up afterwards.  A completely new Scots Baronial style house with a massive seven-storey tower at one end was built by Lanyon & Lynn of Belfast for Sir Robert Adair, later 1st Baron Waveney, in 1865-87.  

Ballymena Castle in 1887.

This impressive house was, however, short-lived: the Adair estate at Ballymena was sold to the tenants in 1904 and the castle fell into disuse.  It was still standing in 1953, but badly damaged by arson in 1955 and condemned as unsafe the following year.  When the local Council demolished it in 1957 Maj-Gen. Sir Allan Adair bought Holy Hill House, 78,Ballee Rd, Strabane and installed ten stained glass windows from the castle there, where they still remain.

Holy Hill House near Strabane: to which Sir Allan Adair moved in 1957.

Descent: William Adair (d. 1626), who purchased the estate in 1620... to Col. Sir Robert Adair (1659-1745); then to son, Capt. William Robert Adair (d. 1762); to son, Robert Adair (d. 1798); to son Hugh William Adair (1754-1844); to son, Sir Robert Shafto Adair, 1st bt. (1786-1869); to son, Sir Robert Alexander Shafto Adair (1811-86), 2nd bt; to brother, Sir Hugh Edward Adair (1815-1902), 3rd bt.; to son, Sir Frederick Edward Shafto Adair (1860-1915), 4th bt., who sold most of the estate, 1904; to brother, Sir (Robert) Shafto Adair (1862-1949), 5th bt; to his son, Maj-Gen. Sir Allen Henry Shafto Adair (1897-1988), 6th bt., from whom it was acquired by the local authority for demolition.

Flixton Hall (near Bungay) Suffolk

The Tasburgh family originated in Norwich and first acquired property in the Flixton area around 1400.  Over the next two centuries they steadily expanded their estates, and in 1544 they acquired the site and some of the lands of Flixton Priory (dissolved in 1528).  In 1607 Sir John Tasburgh bought 'a capital mansion' at Flixton and 500 acres from his cousin, Thomas Bateman, and shortly afterwards, about 1615, a new three-storey Jacobean E-plan mansion house was built.  Because it stood on a moated site, this probably replaced the house bought in 1607 rather than standing on the priory site.  At the same time a park was created (Sir John's 'newe parke' is referred to in 1611). 

Flixton Hall, engraving of 1784 after a drawing by Thomas Sandby of 1752

Flixton Hall: early 19th century watercolour by Henry Ninham.

The house was similar in design to many others of the period, with the projecting wings emphasized by five-sided bays rising through all three storeys of the house and a tall three-storey porch.  The battlemented balustrade on the entrance (north) front was decorated with barley-twist pinnacles, those on the corners being the upward extension of polygonal buttresses clasping the angles of the building.  The little pediments over the windows are found in other early 17th century East Anglian houses and were no doubt original, but the pedimented doorcase on the porch looks like an early 18th century addition, and the two-storey extension with a large arched window projecting from the right-hand side is further evidence of later additions and alterations.  Another change was apparently the enclosure of an open colonnade in the centre of the south front in the late 18th century, perhaps after Alexander Adair inherited the estate in 1783.  The space gained in the house was divided up to form additional rooms.  Another change made around the same time was to fill in the moat shown in the engraving above; this was no doubt part of a fashionable landscaping scheme which also saw the margins of the park planted with trees. 

Flixton from Ordnance Survey 1" 1946 edition

It is suggested in one (mid 20th century) account that the house was damaged by fire in 1832, but there is no other evidence for this.  However, there is reason to think that around 1837 Sir Robert Shafto Adair consulted Anthony Salvin about repairs or improvements to the house or estate.  In 1842-43 Salvin was employed to extend the Priest's House in Flixton village and in 1844 - the year that Sir Robert inherited the Hall - he began repairing the house.

In December 1846, however, work was interrupted by a devastating fire which destroyed about half the building and all the contents of the main rooms.  A contemporary account says that the roof fell in and the south walls fell outwards.  Rebuilding began almost immediately under Salvin's direction, and continued until 1855, although the shell was complete by 1849.  The reconstructed house stood on the foundations of its predecessor and was externally to a very similar design.  The Jacobean window-pediments were omitted and the skyline was given tall chimneys to heighten the romantic Jacobean effect.  The cost of the rebuilding was £29,000.

Flixton Hall: north front as rebuilt by Salvin and altered by F.B. Wade. Courtesy of Matthew Beckett

The reconstruction of 1846-55 was not the end of the story.  A new garden was laid out to the south of the house, possibly in the late 1840s and almost certainly to the design of William Andrews Nesfield, as he is known to have been consulted and the surviving earthworks are much in his style.  

Flixton Hall: great hall photographed c1907 by Sir Frederick Adair. Image: Historic England

Then in 1888-92 Sir Hugh Adair, 3rd bt. carried out a further remodelling of the house to the designs of Fairfax B. Wade. His additions and alterations gave the house the appearance recorded in surviving photographs, and resulted in a house of sixty rooms.  

Flixton Hall: main staircase in c.1907. Image: Historic England

Where Salvin's work had been relatively restrained, Wade gave full rein to the Victorian free style at its most exuberant.  He replaced Salvin's modest cupola and clock tower with a wedding cake tower, added some fancy touches to the south front in the way of polygonal shafts and stepped parapets, built a rather coarse-grained new porch on the entrance front and rebuilt the service wing to match the style of the main building.  He also created the fruity Victorian interiors shown in Sir Frederick Adair's photographs of c.1907.

Flixton Hall: the south front showing F.B. Wade's alterations of 1888-92. Courtesy Matthew Beckett

The Adairs remained at Flixton until Sir Shafto Adair died in 1949, when the demands of death duties, the state of the house after wartime neglect, and dwindling estate income persuaded Sir Allan Adair to sell up.  The estate was sold chiefly to the tenants and the house and park in 1950 to Mr. R.G. Lawrence.  The County Council agreed to acquire the house as a county Agricultural College in March 1951 but the Ministry of Agriculture vetoed the scheme the following month, and no other use was found for the house.  In June 1952 Mr Lawrence announced the house would be demolished, but carefully taken down, so that the materials could be sold for re-use, and by the end of 1953 most of it had gone.  The ground floor of the main block was however retained for use as farm buildings and given a new corrugated iron roof, and it survives in this state, forlorn, crumbling and forgotten, prompting an elegiac video.

Flixton Hall: surviving decoration in the interior.

Descent: Crown granted 1544 to John Tasburgh (d. 1551); to son, John Tasburgh (d. 1607); to son, Sir John Tasburgh (c.1576-1629); to son, Charles Tasburgh (d. 1657); to son, Richard Tasburgh (d. 1716); to son, John Tasburgh (d. 1719); to brother, Richard Tasburgh (1693-1734); to sister, Lettice Tasburgh (d. 1738), wife of John Wybarne (d. 1720); after her death sold in 1753 to William Adair (1700-83); to nephew, Alexander Adair (1743-1834); to kinsman, Hugh William Adair (1754-1844); to son, Sir Robert Shafto Adair, 1st bt. (1786-1869); to son, Sir Robert Alexander Shafto Adair (1811-86), 2nd bt and 1st Baron Waveney; to brother, Sir Hugh Edward Adair (1815-1902), 3rd bt.; to son, Sir Frederick Edward Shafto Adair (1860-1915), 4th bt.; to brother, Sir (Robert) Shafto Adair (1862-1949), 5th bt; to his son, Maj-Gen. Sir Allen Henry Shafto Adair (1897-1988), 6th bt., who sold c.1953 to R.G. Lawrence, who demolished it.

Wingfield Castle, Suffolk

Wingfield Castle from an engraving of 1807. Courtesy Ancestry Images

Built by Michael de la Pole, who had licence to crenellate in 1384, but much of the castle was dismantled in 1525 after King Henry VIII had imprisoned the last of the de la Poles and seized his lands.  The castle has a splendid facade with a central three-storey gatehouse with big polygonal turrets with flushwork arcading at the base, and a two-storey wall on either side with brick battlements leading to angle towers.  The original door survives and has blank tracery.  

Wingfield Castle, from an old postcard

The picturesque brick and timber-framed house that now stands behind the gatehouse and curtain wall, and at right-angles to it, is said to date from shortly after 1544.  It has fine circular brick chimneys with three-dimensional decoration, and was restored by Graham Baron Ash from 1943 onwards.

Descent:  Michael de la Pole, 1st Earl of Suffolk (d. 1389); to son, Michael de la Pole, 2nd Earl of Suffolk (d. 1415); to son, Michael de la Pole, 3rd Earl of Suffolk (c.1394-1415); to brother, William de la Pole, 4th Earl and 1st Duke of Suffolk (1396-1450); to son, John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk (1442-92); to son, Edmund de la Pole, 3rd Duke and later 6th Earl of Suffolk (c.1471-1513), whose estates were seized by the Crown. Site and ruins granted 1544 to Sir Henry Jerningham (1509-72); to son, Henry Jerningham (d. 1619); to son, Sir Henry Jerningham, 1st bt. (d. 1646), who sold c.1630 to Richard Catelyn (fl. 1625-34); to son, Sir Neville Catelyn (1634-1702); to widow, who remarried Sir Charles Turner 1st bt. of Warham (1666-1740), who apparently leased it to Richard Aldous (1686-1721); ?sold to Philippa Leman (d. 1757); to Rev. Dr. Robert Leman DD (1733-79) and then to Robert Wilson, 9th Baron Berners (1761-1838) who leased it as a tenanted farm; to Rev. Henry Wilson, 10th Baron Berners (d. 1851); to Henry W. Wilson, 11th Baron Berners, who sold before 1855 to Sir Robert Shafto Adair, 1st bt. (1786-1869); to son, Sir Robert Alexander Shafto Adair, 2nd bt. (1811-86); to brother, Sir Hugh Edward Adair, 3rd bt. (1815-1902); to son, Sir Frederick Edward Shafto Adair, 4th bt. (1860-1915); to brother, Sir Robert Shafto Adair, 5th bt. (1862-1949), who leased c.1943 to Graham Baron Ash (d. 1980), who remained as tenant until his death; to son, Sir Allan Adair, 6th bt. (1897-1988), who gave it to his daughter, Bridget, Lady Darell who sold 1981 to Mr Wingrove; sold 1983 to Gerald Fairhurst, who restored and sold 1987.. sold 1989 to Mr Gunter

The Adairs of Kinhilt (Wigtownshire) and Ballymena (Antrim) 

The first few generations below are certainly incomplete and almost certainly partially inaccurate.  The printed and online sources available are both mutually contradictory and occasionally implausible to an unusual degree, so I have been very cautious about the information provided.  Online searches will provide additional and alternative dates and names of children; those given here are those I consider reasonably authoritative.  If anyone has additional or more accurate information, please post a comment!

Sir William Adair (d. c.1500) of Kinhilt, knight. Son of Sir Neil or Nigel Adair, kt. (d. 1475) of Portree (Isle of Skye).  He married a daughter of Robert Vans of Barnbarroch and had issue including:
(1) Alexander Adair (d. 1513) (q.v.).
He was granted the Kinhilt estate in Wigtownshire.
He died about 1500.

Alexander Adair (d. 1513) of Kinhilt.  Son of Sir William Adair (d. c.1500) of Kinhilt.  He married 1st, Euphemia, daughter of Sir Alexander Stewart of Garlies; and 2nd, Jane, daughter of Uchtred McDowell; and had issue including:
(1.1) Ninian Adair (d. 1525) (q.v.).
He inherited the Kinhilt estate from his father in about 1500 and built the Castle of St. John at Stranraer c.1510 as a stronghold.
He died at the Battle of Flodden, 9 September 1513.

Ninian Adair (d. 1525) of Kinhilt.  Son of Alexander Adair (d. 1513) of Kinhilt, and his first wife, Euphemia, daughter of Alexander Stewart.  He married Katherine, daughter of Patrick Agnew of Lochnaw and had issue including:
(1) Sir William Adair (d. 1593) (q.v.).
He inherited the Kinhilt estate and the Castle of St. John from his father in 1513.
He died in 1525, and was probably quite young at the time since (a) his father was of fighting age in 1513 and (b) his son lived to 1593.

Sir William Adair (d. 1593) of Kinhilt, knight.  Son of Ninian Adair (d. 1525) and his wife Katherine, daughter of Patrick Agnew of Lochnaw; probably born about 1520.  He married before 1549 Lady Helen Kennedy (fl. 1571), daughter of Gilbert Kennedy, 2nd Earl of Cassillis and had issue (probably among others):
(1) Ninian Adair (d. c.1606) (q.v.); 
(2) William Adair of Genoch, m. Janet Vans; 
(3) Isobel Adair, m. Bernard Fergusson of Kilkerran.
He inherited the Kinhilt estate and the Castle of St. John from his father in 1525, and rebuilt Dunskey Castle on the coast.
He died in 1593.

Ninian Adair (d. c.1606) of Kinhilt.  Elder son of Sir William Adair (d. 1593) and his wife Lady Helen, daughter of Gilbert Kennedy, 2nd Earl of Cassillis; probably born about 1545.  He married 18 June 1566 Elizabeth, daughter of Sir James Gordon of Kirkpatrick (and Lochinvar?) and widow of John Grierson (d. 1558) of Lag, and had issue including:
(1) William Adair (d. 1626) (q.v.); 
(2) Patrick Adair (fl. 1614);
(2) James Adair of Maryport;
(4) Rt. Rev. Archibald Adair (d. 1646), Dean of Rapho (1616), Bishop of Killaloe 1639-40 (deprived) and Bishop of Waterford & Lismore, 1641-46;
(5) Gilbert Adair (b. c.1582?; fl. 1610);
(6) Thomas Adair (d. before 1610), provost of Stranraer.
He inherited the Kinhilt estate, and the castles of St. John and Dunskey from his father in 1593.
He died in about 1608.

William Adair (d.1626) of Kinhilt and Ballymena.  Eldest son of Ninian Adair (d. c.1606) of Kinhilt.  Made a denizen of Ireland, 1624.  He married 1st, Rosina, daughter of Sir Thomas McClellan of Bomby; 2nd, a daughter of Mr Houstoun of Castle Steward, and 3rd, Helen Cathcart of Carlton and had issue:
(1.1) Sir Robert Adair (d. 1655) (q.v.); 
(3.1) Rev. William Adair (d. 1684); minister of Ayr 1640-84;
(3.2) Anna or Marian Adair, m. William Houston of Killester.
He inherited the Kinhilt estate and the castles of St. John and Dunskey from his father in 1608, but exchanged part of the property, including Dunskey, with 1st Viscount Montgomery, one of the leaders of the Plantation of Ulster, for lands at Ballymena (Antrim) in 1620.
He died 4 November 1626.

Sir Robert Adair (d. 1655) of Ballymena and Kinhilt.  Elder son of William Adair (d.1626) and his first wife Rosina, daughter of Sir Thomas McClellan.  Made a denizen of Ireland, 1624.  MP for Wigtownshire 1639, 1648.  He raised a troop for service in Ireland in the 1640s and was commissioned to serve as a Colonel of horse under General Monck in Ulster in 1648; he was knighted about that time.  He married Jean or Jane, daughter of William Edmondstone of Duntreath (Stirlingshire) and had issue:
(1) William Adair (d. 1661) (q.v.); 
(2) Archibald Adair of Litter (Leix) (d. 1692); married and had issue a son;
(3) Alexander Adair of Drumore; 
(4) Robert Adair; 
(5) Isabella Adair, m. Patrick or Robert MacDowal of Logan (Wigtownshire); 
(6) Anne Adair, m. Rev. Kennedy; 
(7) Joan Adair, m. Patrick (surname unknown).
He inherited the Ballymena and Kinhilt estates from his father in 1626, and built Ballymena Castle as a centre for his property in Antrim.
He died 1 March 1655.

William Adair (d. 1661) of Ballymena and Kinhilt.  Eldest son of Sir Robert Adair (d. 1655) and his wife Jane, daughter of William Edmondstone of Duntreath (Stirlingshire).  He married c.1658 Anne Helena (who married second, Archibald Edmondstone of Braid Island (Antrim) and d. c.1710), daughter of Col. Walter Scott of Hartwoodburn, and had issue:
(1) Col. Sir Robert Adair (1659-1745), kt. (q.v.).
He inherited the Ballymena and Kinhilt estates from his father in 1655.
He died 30 November 1661.

Col. Sir Robert Adair (1659-1745) of Ballymena and Kinhilt, knight.  Only son of William Adair (d. 1661) and his wife Anne Helena, daughter of Col. Walter Scott of Hartwoodburn; born February 1659.  He raised a regiment for King William III and was knighted at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690.  He married first Penelope, daughter of Sir Robert Colville of Newtown (Antrim), second, Martha (d. 1705; bur. at Dublin); third, 1705, Anne; and fourth, 1720, Arabella Ricketts (d. 1742); and had issue:
(1.1) Capt. William Robert Adair (d. 1762) (q.v.); 
(2.1) Anna Helena Adair (d. young, 1701); buried at St Bride, Dublin, 15 May 1701;
(3.1) Alexander Adair (b. 1720)
He inherited the Ballymena and Kinhilt estates from his father in 1661 at the age of 2.  He sold the remaining Kinhilt lands c.1736 to the 2nd Earl of Stair.  Ballymena Castle was destroyed by fire in 1740.
He died in Dublin, 9 February 1745, aged 86.

Capt. William Robert Adair (d. 1762) of Ballymena.  Elder son of Col. Sir Robert Adair (1659-1745) and his first wife, Penelope, daughter of Sir Robert Colville of Newtown (Antrim). A Captain in Lord Mark Kerr’s Regiment of Horse at the Battle of Culloden, and later in General Honeywood's Dragoons. He married 1719 at Ludlow (Shropshire), Catherine Smallman (d. 1752) of Ludlow (Shropshire) and had issue:
(1) Robert Adair (1721-98) (q.v.); 
(2) Rev. William Adair (b. c.1724); ed. at Worcester College, Oxford (BA 1748; MA 1750); buried in Garrison church, Southsea, 5 May 1770.
He inherited the Ballymena estate from his father in 1745 but was probably not resident.
He died 19 April 1762.  His wife died 1 April 1752.

Robert Adair (1721-98) of Ballymena.  Elder son of Capt. William Robert Adair (d. 1762) and his wife Catherine Smallman of Ludlow (Shropshire); baptised 26 October 1721.  He married, 25 March 1753 at St Bride's, Dublin, Anne (d. 1798), daughter of Alexander McCauley of Dublin and had issue:
(1) (Hugh) William Adair (1754-1844) (q.v.); 
(2) Robert Adair (1760-1837) of Acton (Middx), m. 3 February 1786 at St Pancras, London, Eliza, daughter of Eden Payne of London, merchant, and had issue one son (killed at Waterloo) and one daughter; died 18 March 1837.
He inherited the Ballymena estate from his father in 1762 but was probably not resident.
He died at Clifton, January 1798.

(Hugh) William Adair (1754-1844) of Ballymena and Flixton Hall.  Elder son of Robert Adair (d. 1798) and his wife Anne, daughter of Alexander McCauley of Dublin; born 9 February 1754.  He married 17 December 1784 Camilla (d. 1827), daughter and heiress of Robert Shafto of Benwell Tower (Northumberland) and had issue:
(1) Sir Robert Shafto Adair (1786-1869), (q.v.);  
(2) William Robert Adair (1788-1803, dsp); 
(3) Capt. Alexander Adair (1791-1863) of Heatherton Park (Somerset) (see the next post);
(4) Camilla Anne Adair (1793-1822), m. 17 June 1819 Rev. Robert Palk Carrington (c.1782-1842) of Bridford (Devon) and had issue; she burned to death in an accidental fire at Heatherton Park, 3 September 1822.
He inherited the Ballymena Castle estate (Antrim) from his father in 1798 and purchased Heatherton Park in Somerset (c1802/1807) and Colehouse in Devon (1825).  He inherited Benwell Tower (Northumberland) from his father-in-law, which he sold c.1831; and Flixton Park (Suffolk) from his kinsman, Alexander Adair (1743-1834) in 1834; this he made over to his eldest son.  At his death, Ballymena also passed to his eldest son and Heatherton and Colehouse to his younger surviving son.
He died at Colehouse, 7 May 1844, aged 90.

The Adairs of Flixton Hall

William Adair (c.1702-83) of Flixton Hall.  Eldest son of Rev. Patrick Adair (b. c.1670), minister at Carrickfergus, and his wife Isabella, daughter of Robert Adair of Maryport and Edinburgh and his wife Rachel Forbes; born c.1702 at Kirkmaiden (Wigtownshire).  In the 1740s and 1750s was army agent to a large number of regiments and made a large fortune.  He married a Miss Smith and had issue:
(1) Jane Adair, m. Edward Brice
(x1) an illegitimate son, name unknown.
He lived in Pall Mall, London and purchased the Flixton Hall estate in 1753.  At his death it was left to his nephew, Alexander Adair (1743-1834).
He died in 1783, and was buried at Flixton, where he is commemorated by a fine monument of coloured marble.

Alexander Adair (1743-1834) of Flixton Hall.  Probably the son of Capt. Alexander Adair, who was the brother of William Adair (c.1702-83) and captain of the East India Company ship Winchelsea, who died en route to Bengal in 1743, and his wife Mary, daughter of Alexander Small.  He seems to have continued his uncle's business as an army agent, but in his will described himself as a confectioner.  In 1805 he raised and commanded the Loyal South Elmham or 9th Troop of Suffolk Yeomanry.  He married 17 December 1783 Lydia, daughter of Sir William Thomas, bt. of Yapton Place (Suffolk), but had no issue.
He inherited the Flixton Hall estate from his uncle in 1783, and at his death bequeathed it to his distant kinsman, (Hugh) William Adair (1754-1844).
He died 17 March 1834, aged about 91, and is commemorated by a memorial in St. James' church, Piccadilly, London. Will proved 11 April 1834 (estate under £700,000); his fortune was left mainly to members of the Baring and Roe families and only the Flixton estate passed to his Adair kinsman. 

The Adairs of Flixton Hall and Ballymena Castle

Sir Robert Shafto Adair (1786-1869), 1st baronet, of Flixton Hall.  Born 26 June 1786; eldest son of (Hugh) William Adair (1754-1844) and his wife Camilla, daughter of Robert Shafto of Benwell Tower (Northumberland).  Educated at Harrow School and Jesus College, Cambridge (admitted Fellow-Commoner, 1804).  Created a baronet, 2 August 1838; FRS 1845; High Sheriff of Suffolk, 1846; FSA 1861. He married 1st, 17 Sept 1810 Eliza Maria (d. 1853), daughter of Rev. James Strode of Berkhampstead, and  2nd, 3 October 1854, Jane Anne (1814-73), eldest daughter of the Rev. Townley Clarkson, vicar of Hinxton, and had issue:
(1.1) Sir Robert Alexander Shafto Adair (1811-86), 2nd baronet (q.v.); 
(1.2) Sir Hugh Edward Adair (1815-1902), 3rd baronet (q.v.).
He received the Flixton Hall estate from his father soon after 1834 and inherited the Ballymena estate from his father in 1844; he rebuilt Flixton Hall after a fire in 1846.  He also purchased Wingfield Castle (Suffolk) in c.1851-55, and owned Adair House in Pall Mall, London.
He died 24 February 1869.  Will proved 16 July 1869 (estate under £60,000).

Sir Robert Alexander Shafto Adair (1811-86), 2nd baronet and 1st Baron Waveney, of Ballymena Castle and Flixton Hall. Elder son of Sir Robert Shafto Adair (1786-1869) and his first wife, Eliza Maria (d. 1853), daughter of Rev. James Strode of Berkhampstead, born 25 August 1811.  Educated at Harrow School and Trinity College, Cambridge (admitted Pensioner, 1828; studied civil law but did not graduate); Honorary Colonel of Suffolk Artillery; aide-de-camp to HM The Queen; MP for Cambridge 1847-52, 1854-57; created Baron Waveney, 10 April 1873; Lord Lieutenant of Co. Antrim 1884-86; peerage extinct on his death. He married 11 June 1836 Theodosia (d. 1871), daughter of Gen. The Hon. Robert Meade, but died without issue.
He inherited the Ballymena Castle, Wingfield Castle and Flixton Hall estates from his father in 1869.  He was established on the Ballymena estate in his father's lifetime and built a new castle there to the designs of Lanyon & Lynn in 1865-87.  In 1870 he had the Bungay to Harleston road re-routed so that it passed further from the house at Flixton.  He also had a house at 7 Audley Square in London. At his death his estates passed to his brother.
He died 15 February 1886, aged 74.  His will was proved 14 July 1886 (estate £11,639).   His wife is commemorated by a fine marble monument by John Bell in Flixton church (Suffolk), 1871.

Sir Hugh Edward Adair (1815-1902), 3rd baronet, of Flixton Hall and Ballymena Castle.  Younger son of Sir Robert Shafto Adair (1786-1869) and his first wife, Eliza Maria (d. 1853), daughter of Rev. James Strode of Berkhampstead, born 26 December 1815.  Educated at St. John's College, Oxford (matriculated 1835; BA 1839; MA 1843) and Lincolns Inn (called to bar, 1844); barrister-at-law; MP for Ipswich 1847-74; JP and DL for Suffolk and Co. Antrim.  He married 10 July 1856 his cousin, Harriet Camilla (d. 1909), daughter of Alexander Adair of Heatherton (Somerset) and had issue:
(1) Hugh Alexander Adair (d. 1868); 
(2) Sir Frederick Edward Shafto Adair (1860-1915), 4th baronet (q.v.); 
(3) Sir (Robert) Shafto Adair (1862-1949), 5th baronet (q.v.); 
(4) Camilla Beatrix Mary Adair.
He inherited the Ballymena Castle, Wingfield Castle and Flixton Hall estates from his brother, 1886.  He remodelled and extended the house at Flixton Hall, 1888-92 and lived mainly at Flixton.  He also had a house at 63 Portland Place, London, in 1886, and at the time of his death was living at Shrublands, Tunbridge Wells (Kent).
He died on 2 March 1902, aged 86; will proved 16 May 1902 (estate £63,966)

Sir Frederick Edward Shafto Adair (1860-1915), 4th baronet, of Flixton Hall and Ballymena Castle.  Second but eldest surviving son of Sir Hugh Edward Adair (1815-1902), 3rd baronet and his wife Harriet Camilla, daughter of Alexander Adair of Heatherton. Educated at Christ Church, Oxford (matriculated 1879); born December 1860.  High Sheriff of Suffolk 1910-11; Captain in the Rifle Brigade.  He died unmarried and without issue and is understood to have had a strong friendship with James Cable, the coxwain of the Aldeburgh lifeboat.
He inherited the Ballymena Castle (Antrim), Wingfield Castle and Flixton Hall (Suffolk) estates from his father in 1902.  He sold most of the Ballymena estate to tenants under Irish Lands Act 1903, but retained the castle.   He lived mainly at Adair Lodge, Aldeburgh (Suffolk), which was probably his home before inheriting the estates.
He died on 8 April 1915, aged 55.  His will was proved 25 September 1915 (estate £42,440)

Sir (Robert) Shafto Adair (1862-1949), 5th baronet, of Flixton Hall.  Youngest son of Sir Hugh Edward Adair (1815-1902), 3rd baronet and his wife Harriet Camilla, daughter of Alexander Adair of Heatherton; born 18 August 1862.  Educated at Christ Church, Oxford (matriculated 1880; BA 1884); Barrister-at-law; DL (Co. Antrim); JP (Suffolk and Norfolk); a director of the Royal Academy of Music.  He married 4 December 1890 Mary (d. 1950), daughter of Henry Anstey Bosanquet and had issue:
(1) Robert Desmond Shafto Adair (d. in infancy); 
(2) Sir Allan Henry Shafto Adair (1897-1988), 6th baronet (q.v.); 
(3) Camilla Mary Shafto Adair (1895-1981), born 24 May 1895; married, April 1918, Edmund Henry Apsley Treherne, son of Goring Apsley Treherne, and had issue; died July-Sep 1981.
He inherited Ballymena Castle (Antrim), Wingfield Castle and Flixton Hall (Suffolk) from his brother in 1915.  He lived mainly at Flixton and leased Wingfield Castle c.1943 to Graham Baron Ash.  During the Second World War he sold the contents of the armoury at Flixton Hall to support the war effort; they are now in the Powder Magazine and the Governor’s Palace at Colonial Williamsburg (USA).  He also owned or rented various houses in Devon and Somerset as holiday homes.
He died 9 October 1949.  Will proved 24 February 1950 (estate £7,977).

Sir Allan Henry Shafto Adair (1897-1988), GCVO, 6th baronet.  Eldest surviving son of Sir Shafto Adair (1862-1949) and his wife Mary, daughter of Henry Anstey Bosanquet; born 3 November 1897.  Educated at Harrow.  Commissioned in Grenadier Guards, 1916 (Captain, 1923; Major, 1932; officer commanding Military Police in London, 1929; Lt-Col., 1940; Brigadier 1941; Maj-Gen. commanding Guards armoured division 1942-45; retired 1947); Lieutenant of HM Bodyguard of the Yeoman of the Guard, 1951-67; Col. of Grenadier Guards from 1960; MC; DSO (1940); CB (1945); GCVO (1967); Officer of the Legion d'honneur and Croix de Guerre (with palms); honorary freeman of Brussels.  Governor of Harrow School, 1947-52; member of Grand Lodge of Freemasons (Asst. Grand Master, 1953; Deputy Grand Master, 1969).  He married 28 April 1919 Enid Violet Ida (1897-1984), daughter of William Humble Dudley Ward and had issue:
(1) Desmond Allan Shafto Adair (1920-43), kia; 
(2) Robin Dudley Shafto Adair (1923-25, dsp); 
(3) Bridget Mary Adair (1928-2018), m. 1953 Sir Jeffrey Lionell Darell (1919-2013), 8th bt., and had issue one son and two daughters; died 1 May 2018;
(4) Juliet Enid Adair (1930-c1989), m. 1949 Edward Neil Fitzgerald and had issue; 
(5) Annabel Violet Adair (b. 1937), unmarried.
He inherited Ballymena Castle, Wingfield Castle and Flixton Hall (Suffolk)  from his father in 1949, but sold Flixton and its contents 1950 and gave Wingfield Castle to his daughter, Bridget, Lady Darell.  Ballymena Castle was vandalised and burnt in the 1950s and was sold to the local council, which demolished it as a dangerous structure; he bought Holy Hill House, Strabane and moved some stained glass windows from the castle there.  He lived at Anmer Hall on the Sandringham estate until his retirement and later at Harleston and Raveningham (Norfolk).  He also had a house at 55 Green St., Grosvenor Square, London in 1972. Holy Hill House was sold in 1983.
He died 4 August 1988, when the baronetcy became extinct, and the chieftainship of the Clan Adair passed to Dr. Allan Adair (1907-2008), his second cousin.  Sir Allan and his wife are buried in Hatfield Road Cemetery, St. Albans, where they are commemorated by a simple headstone.  For a portrait photograph, see here.

Sources

Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, successive editions; Illustrated London News, 19 December 1846; Sir A. Agnew, The Agnews of Lochnaw. A history of the hereditary sheriffs of Galloway, with contemporary anecdotes, traditions, and genealogical notices of old families of the sheriffdom, 1330 to 1747, 1864; A.J. Guy, "Regimental agency in the British standing army 1715-63: a study in Georgian military administration", Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library, vol 63 part 1, 1980, pp. 31-57; J. Kenworthy-Browne et al., Burke’s & Savill’s Guide to Country Houses: vol. 3, East Anglia, 1981, pp. 232-34, 269; M. Bence-Jones, A guide to Irish country houses, 2nd edn, 1988, p. 24; J. Allibone, Anthony Salvin, 1988, pp. 166, 172; Brown, Haward and Kindred, Dictionary of Architects of Suffolk Buildings 1800-1914, 1991, p. 173; T. Williamson, Suffolk's Parks and Gardens, 2000, pp. 81, 133; E. Goldstein, 18th Century Weapons of the Royal Welsh Fuziliers from Flixton Hall, 2002; W.M. Roberts, Lost country houses of Suffolk, 2010, pp. 71-75; http://www.aviationmuseum.net/The%20Adairs.htm; 

Where are their papers?

Adair family of Flixton Hall and Ballymena Castle, baronets: deeds, manorial and estate records relating to Co. Antrim (Ballymena etc.) and Suffolk (Flixton etc.), and family papers, 13th-20th cents. [Suffolk Record Office, Lowestoft, HA12]; estate papers (Ballymena etc.), c.1600-20th cent. [Public Record Office of Northern Ireland, D929]

Revision and acknowledgements

This post was first published 2 April 2013, and was updated 15 December 2013, 21 March 2016, 28 May 2018 and 14 April 2019 and 27 November 2020.